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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Ultrastructural and Single-Cell-Level Characterization Reveals Metabolic Versatility in a Microbial Eukaryote Community from an Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake
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Ultrastructural and Single-Cell-Level Characterization Reveals Metabolic Versatility in a Microbial Eukaryote Community from an Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake

机译：超微结构和单细胞水平的表征揭示了一个冰覆盖的南极湖微生物真核生物群落中的代谢多功能性。

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The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MCM) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, harbor numerous ice-covered bodies of water that provide year-round liquid water oases for isolated food webs dominated by the microbial loop. Single-cell microbial eukaryotes (protists) occupy major trophic positions within this truncated food web, ranging from primary producers (e.g., chlorophytes, haptophytes, and cryptophytes) to tertiary predators (e.g., ciliates, dinoflagellates, and choanoflagellates). To advance the understanding of MCM protist ecology and the roles of MCM protists in nutrient and energy cycling, we investigated potential metabolic strategies and microbial interactions of key MCM protists isolated from a well-described lake (Lake Bonney). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of enrichment cultures, combined with single amplified genome/amplicon sequencing and fluorescence microscopy, revealed that MCM protists possess diverse potential metabolic capabilities and interactions. Two metabolically distinct bacterial clades ( Flavobacteria and Methylobacteriaceae ) were independently associated with two key MCM lake microalgae ( Isochrysis and Chlamydomonas , respectively). We also report on the discovery of two heterotrophic nanoflagellates belonging to the Stramenopila supergroup, one of which lives as a parasite of Chlamydomonas , a dominate primary producer in the shallow, nutrient-poor layers of the lake.IMPORTANCE Single-cell eukaryotes called protists play critical roles in the cycling of organic matter in aquatic environments. In the ice-covered lakes of Antarctica, protists play key roles in the aquatic food web, providing the majority of organic carbon to the rest of the food web (photosynthetic protists) and acting as the major consumers at the top of the food web (predatory protists). In this study, we utilized a combination of techniques (microscopy, cell sorting, and genomic analysis) to describe the trophic abilities of Antarctic lake protists and their potential interactions with other microbes. Our work reveals that Antarctic lake protists rely on metabolic versatility for their energy and nutrient requirements in this unique and isolated environment.
机译：南极维多利亚州南部的麦克默多干旱谷（MCM）拥有众多冰雪覆盖的水域，这些水为细菌回路占主导的孤立食物网提供全年的液态绿洲。单细胞微生物真核生物（原生生物）在这个截短的食物网中占据着主要的营养位置，范围从初级生产者（例如绿藻类，半生植物和隐生植物）到三级捕食者（例如纤毛虫，双鞭毛虫和鞭毛鞭毛虫）。为了增进对MCM生物的认识，以及MCM生物在营养和能量循环中的作用，我们研究了潜在的代谢策略以及从描述良好的湖泊（邦尼湖）中分离出来的MCM主要生物的微生物相互作用。富集培养物的荧光激活细胞分选（FACS），与单个扩增的基因组/扩增子测序和荧光显微镜相结合，揭示了MCM原生生物具有多种潜在的代谢能力和相互作用。两个代谢上不同的细菌进化枝（黄杆菌属和甲基杆菌科）分别与两个关键的MCM湖微藻（分别是等鞭藻和衣藻）相关。我们还报道了两个属于Stramenopila超群的异养纳米鞭毛虫的发现，其中一个鞭毛虫是衣藻（Chlamydomonas）的寄生虫，衣藻是湖泊中营养贫瘠的浅层主要的主要生产者。在水生环境中有机物质循环中的关键作用。在南极冰雪覆盖的湖泊中，生物主义者在水生食物网中扮演着关键角色，为其余食物网（光合作用的原生生物）提供了大部分有机碳，并成为了食物网顶部的主要消费者（掠夺性的原生生物）。在这项研究中，我们结合了多种技术（显微镜，细胞分选和基因组分析）来描述南极湖原生生物的营养能力及其与其他微生物的潜在相互作用。我们的工作表明，在这种独特和孤立的环境中，南极湖原生生物依靠能量代谢和养分需求来实现代谢的多样性。

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