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Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

机译：本期重大关注文章

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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely conserved in bacteria and consist of a toxin that inhibits essential cellular functions (e.g., DNA replication, transcription, translation, or ATP synthesis) and an antitoxin that neutralizes its cognate toxin. Kato et al. (e00915-19) found novel TA systems on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome, using a combination of manual base-by-base screening and functional assignments in Escherichia coli and S. aureus. The newly discovered TA systems exhibited no sequence similarities with known TA systems and were unique to staphylococci. These findings provide a promising approach for discovering unannotated TA systems in various bacterial species.Achievement of near-zero growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through limited supply of nonenergy substrates, relevant in both natural and industrial environments, remains largely unexplored. Liu and coauthors (e01161-19) established near-zero-growth retentostat cultures of S. cerevisiae through restricted supply of the nitrogen or phosphorus source. For both conditions S. cerevisiae was kept in a virtually nongrowing state, while maintaining a high-viability, adequate energy status and metabolic active state. The possibility to achieve near-zero growth S. cerevisiae cultures through limited supply of a nonenergy nutrient may offer interesting prospects to develop novel fermentation processes for high-yield production of biobased chemicals.
机译：毒素-抗毒素（TA）系统在细菌中广泛保存，由抑制基本细胞功能（例如DNA复制，转录，翻译或ATP合成）的毒素和中和其同源毒素的抗毒素组成。加藤等。 （e00915-19）在大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌中使用手动逐个碱基筛选和功能分配相结合，在金黄色葡萄球菌染色体上发现了新颖的TA系统。新发现的TA系统与已知TA系统没有序列相似性，并且是葡萄球菌特有的。这些发现为在各种细菌物种中发现未注释的TA系统提供了一种有前途的方法。通过有限地供应天然和工业环境中相关的非能量底物，实现酿酒酵母接近零生长的方法仍未开发。 Liu和合著者（e01161-19）通过限制氮或磷源的供应建立了酿酒酵母近零生长的稳压器培养物。对于这两种情况，酿酒酵母都保持在几乎不生长的状态，同时保持了高活力，足够的能量状态和代谢活性状态。通过有限地供应非能量营养素来实现酿酒酵母培养物接近零生长的可能性，可能为开发新型发酵工艺以高产量生产生物基化学品提供有趣的前景。

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