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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Fungi, and Opportunistic Pathogens in Unchlorinated Drinking Water in the Netherlands
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Fungi, and Opportunistic Pathogens in Unchlorinated Drinking Water in the Netherlands

机译：荷兰无氯饮用水中的非结核分枝杆菌，真菌和机会病原体

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摘要

The multiplication of opportunistic pathogens in drinking water supplies might pose a threat to public health. In this study, distributed unchlorinated drinking water from eight treatment plants in the Netherlands was sampled and analyzed for fungi, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and several opportunistic pathogens by using selective quantitative PCR methods. Fungi and NTM were detected in all drinking water samples, whereas Legionella pneumophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Aspergillus fumigatus were sporadically observed. Mycobacterium avium complex and Acanthamoeba spp. were not detected. Season had no influence on the occurrence of these organisms, except for NTM and S. maltophilia , which were present in higher numbers in the summer. Opportunistic pathogens were more often observed in premise plumbing water samples than in samples from the distribution system. The lowest number of these organisms was observed in the finished water at the plant. Thus, fungi, NTM, and some of the studied opportunistic pathogens can multiply in the distribution and premise plumbing systems. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and/or total organic carbon (TOC) had no clear effects on fungal and NTM numbers or on P. aeruginosa - and S. maltophilia -positive samples. However, L. pneumophila was detected more often in water with AOC concentrations above 10 μg C liter~(?1) than in water with AOC levels below 5 μg C liter~(?1). Finally, samples that contained L. pneumophila , P. aeruginosa , or S. maltophilia were more frequently positive for a second opportunistic pathogen, which shows that certain drinking water types and/or sampling locations promote the growth of multiple opportunistic pathogens.
机译：饮用水中机会病原体的繁殖可能对公共健康构成威胁。在这项研究中，通过使用选择性定量PCR方法，对来自荷兰8个处理厂的分布式未氯化饮用水进行了采样并分析了真菌，非结核性分枝杆菌（NTM）和几种机会病原体。在所有饮用水样品中均检出了真菌和NTM，而偶尔观察到了嗜肺军团菌，铜绿假单胞菌，嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和烟曲霉。鸟分枝杆菌复合体和棘阿米巴属种。未检测到。季节对这些生物的发生没有影响，除了NTM和嗜麦芽孢杆菌（S.maltophilia），它们在夏季数量较多。在自来水管道样本中比在分配系统的样本中更经常观察到机会病原体。在工厂的最终水中观察到这些生物的数量最少。因此，真菌，NTM和一些研究的机会病原体可以在分布和前提管道系统中繁殖。可同化的有机碳（AOC）和/或总有机碳（TOC）对真菌和NTM数量或铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽孢杆菌阳性样本没有明显影响。但是，在AOC浓度低于10μgC升〜（？1）的水中比在AOC浓度低于5μgC升〜（？1）的水中检测到肺炎支原体的频率更高。最后，包含肺炎链球菌，铜绿假单胞菌或嗜麦芽糖链球菌的样品对于第二种机会性病原体更经常为阳性，这表明某些饮用水类型和/或采样位置可促进多种机会性病原体的生长。

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