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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

机译：富营养化和细菌性病原体是从城市污水处理厂接收污水的湿地中禽肉毒杆菌暴发的危险因素

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Due to the scarcity of water resources in the “Mancha Húmeda” Biosphere Reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. In addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. We hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. With the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 locations distributed in three wetlands, two that receive wastewater effluents and one serving as a control, were monitored during a year. Sediment, water, water bird feces, and invertebrates were collected for the detection of putative avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium botulinum type C/D. Also, water and sediment physicochemical properties were determined. Overall, APEC, C. perfringens , and C. botulinum were significantly more prevalent in samples belonging to the wetlands which receive wastewater. The occurrence of a botulism outbreak in one of the studied wetlands coincided with high water temperatures and sediment 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD_(5)), a decrease in water redox potential, chlorophyll a , and sulfate levels, and an increase in water inorganic carbon levels. The presence of C. botulinum in bird feces before the onset of the outbreak indicates that carrier birds exist and highlights the risk of botulinum toxin production in their carcasses if they die by other causes such as bacterial diseases, which are more probable in wastewater wetlands.
机译：由于“ ManchaHúmeda”生物圈保护区的水资源稀缺，有人提出使用经过处理的废水作为自然威胁洪泛区湿地保护的解决方案。此外，许多村庄的废水处理厂将废水倒入附近的天然湖泊中。我们假设废水中存在某些禽类病原体可能会导致禽类死亡，从而引发禽肉毒杆菌爆发。为了检验我们的假设，在一年中监测了24个分布在三个湿地中的位置，其中两个接收废水，另一个作为对照。收集沉积物，水，水禽粪便和无脊椎动物，以检测推定的禽病原性大肠杆菌（APEC），沙门氏菌，产气荚膜梭菌和C / D型肉毒梭菌。此外，确定了水和沉积物的理化性质。总体而言，APEC，产气荚膜梭菌和肉毒梭菌在属于接收废水的湿地的样品中的流行程度更高。在其中一个研究过的湿地中，肉毒中毒爆发的发生与高水温和5天沉积物生化需氧量（BOD_（5）），水氧化还原电位，叶绿素a和硫酸盐水平的降低以及水的增加有关。水的无机碳含量。禽流感暴发前在粪便中存在肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌，表明携带禽类存在，并突显了如果它们死于其他原因（例如细菌性疾病）的话，其尸体中会产生肉毒杆菌毒素的风险，在废水湿地中更容易发生。

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