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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Model Organisms Retain an “Ecological Memory” of Complex Ecologically Relevant Environmental Variation
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Model Organisms Retain an “Ecological Memory” of Complex Ecologically Relevant Environmental Variation

机译：示范生物保留复杂的与生态相关的环境变化的“生态记忆”

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Although tractable model organisms are essential to characterize the molecular mechanisms of evolution and adaptation, the ecological relevance of their behavior is not always clear because certain traits are easily lost during long-term laboratory culturing. Here, we demonstrate that despite their long tenure in the laboratory, model organisms retain “ecological memory” of complex environmental changes. We have discovered that Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, a halophilic archaeon that dominates microbial communities in a dynamically changing hypersaline environment, simultaneously optimizes fitness to total salinity, NaCl concentration, and the [K]/[Mg] ratio. Despite being maintained under controlled conditions over the last 50 years, peaks in the three-dimensional fitness landscape occur in salinity and ionic compositions that are not replicated in laboratory culturing but are routinely observed in the natural hypersaline environment of this organism. Intriguingly, adaptation to variations in ion composition was associated with differential regulation of anaerobic metabolism genes, suggesting an intertwined relationship between responses to oxygen and salinity. Our results suggest that the ecological memory of complex environmental variations is imprinted in the networks for coordinating multiple cellular processes. These coordination networks are also essential for dealing with changes in other physicochemically linked factors present during routine laboratory culturing and, hence, retained in model organisms.
机译：尽管易处理的模式生物对于表征进化和适应的分子机制至关重要，但其行为的生态相关性并不总是很清楚，因为在长期的实验室培养过程中某些特性很容易丧失。在这里，我们证明了尽管模型生物在实验室中任职期很长，但它们仍保留了复杂环境变化的“生态记忆”。我们发现，盐细菌盐沼NRC-1是一种嗜盐古细菌，它在动态变化的高盐环境中控制着微生物群落，同时优化了对总盐度，NaCl浓度和[K] / [Mg]比的适应性。尽管在过去的50年中一直在受控条件下进行维护，但在盐度和离子成分中仍存在三维适应度峰值，这些成分在实验室培养中没有复制，但通常在该生物的天然高盐环境中观察到。有趣的是，对离子组成变化的适应与厌氧代谢基因的差异调节有关，这表明对氧的反应和盐度之间存在相互联系的关系。我们的结果表明，复杂环境变化的生态记忆被印在网络中以协调多个细胞过程。这些协调网络对于处理常规实验室培养过程中存在的并因此保留在模型生物中的其他物理化学相关因素的变化也至关重要。

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