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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium Species
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Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium Species

机译：氯和氯胺对肺炎军团菌和分枝杆菌种类的检测和定量的影响

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Potable water can be a source of transmission for legionellosis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections and diseases. Legionellosis is caused largely by Legionella pneumophila, specifically serogroup 1 (Sg1). Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium abscessus are three leading species associated with pulmonary NTM disease. The estimated rates of these diseases are increasing in the United States, and the cost of treatment is high. Therefore, a national assessment of water disinfection efficacy for these pathogens was needed. The disinfectant type and total chlorine residual (TClR) were investigated to understand their influence on the detection and concentrations of the five pathogens in potable water. Samples (n?=?358) were collected from point-of-use taps (cold or hot) from locations across the United States served by public water utilities that disinfected with chlorine or chloramine. The bacteria were detected and quantified using specific primer and probe quantitative-PCR (qPCR) methods. The total chlorine residual was measured spectrophotometrically. Chlorine was the more potent disinfectant for controlling the three mycobacterial species. Chloramine was effective at controlling L. pneumophila and Sg1. Plotting the TClR associated with positive microbial detection showed that an upward TClR adjustment could reduce the bacterial count in chlorinated water but was not as effective for chloramine. Each species of bacteria responded differently to the disinfection type, concentration, and temperature. There was no unifying condition among the water characteristics studied that achieved microbial control for all. This information will help guide disinfectant decisions aimed at reducing occurrences of these pathogens at consumer taps and as related to the disinfectant type and TClR.IMPORTANCE The primary purpose of tap water disinfection is to control the presence of microbes. This study evaluated the role of disinfectant choice on the presence at the tap of L. pneumophila, its Sg1 serogroup, and three species of mycobacteria in tap water samples collected at points of human exposure at locations across the United States. The study demonstrates that microbial survival varies based on the microbial species, disinfectant, and TClR.
机译：饮用水可能成为军团菌病和非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）感染和疾病的传播源。军团菌病主要由嗜肺军团菌引起，特别是血清群1（Sg1）。鸟分枝杆菌，胞内分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌是与肺NTM疾病相关的三个主要物种。在美国，这些疾病的估计发病率正在增加，并且治疗费用很高。因此，需要对这些病原体的水消毒功效进行全国评估。对消毒剂类型和总氯残留量（TClR）进行了调查，以了解它们对饮用水中5种病原体的检测和浓度的影响。样本（n = 358）是从美国各地的使用现场水龙头（冷水或热水）收集的，这些水是由用氯或氯胺消毒的公共供水公司提供的。使用特异性引物和探针定量PCR（qPCR）方法对细菌进行检测和定量。分光光度法测量总氯残留量。氯是控制三种分枝杆菌种类的更有效的消毒剂。氯胺可有效控制肺炎链球菌和Sg1。绘制与阳性微生物检测相关的TClR曲线表明，向上调整TC1R可以减少氯化水中的细菌数量，但对氯胺效果不佳。每种细菌对消毒类型，浓度和温度的反应都不同。在所研究的水特性中，没有统一条件可以实现所有人的微生物控制。这些信息将有助于指导消毒剂决策，旨在减少消费者水龙头上与细菌类型和TClR有关的这些病原体的发生。重要事项自来水消毒的主要目的是控制微生物的存在。这项研究评估了消毒剂选择对在美国各地人类接触点收集的自来水样品中嗜肺乳杆菌，其Sg1血清群和三种分枝杆菌的存在的影响。该研究表明，微生物的存活率随微生物种类，消毒剂和TClR的不同而不同。

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