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Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by the Editors

机译：编辑从本期中精选的重要文章

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is widely commercialized as a probiotic and, hence, should be robust. Using next-generation genomic resequencing and phenotypic analyses, Douillard et al. (p. 37833792) evaluated its stability in experimental evolution for 1,000 generations. Its genome was stable under normal or salt stress growth conditions; however, upon introduction of bile stress, a variety of mainly insertion sequence-mediated genomic deletions were observed, resulting in the loss of mucus-binding pili. Interestingly, a mutator lineage with an altered DNA polymerase was also obtained and found to persist. This study highlights the stability of L. rhamnosus GG but indicates that the ecological performance of this bacterium may change when it enters the host's intestinal tract.Nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) is a strong greenhouse gas with ozone destruction potential. The major N_(2)O sink consists of bacteria expressing N_(2)O reductase (NosZ), and genetic features distinguish two distinct clades of nos operons. Yoon et al. (p. 37933800) demonstrate that bacteria with clade II NosZ have higher growth yields with N_(2)O and consume N_(2)O at lower concentrations (i.e., have lower whole-cell half-saturation constant [ K _( s )] values) than organisms with clade I NosZ. This discovery suggests that bacteria with clade II NosZ account for a soil's N_(2)O sink capacity and control N_(2)O emissions into the atmosphere.
机译：鼠李糖乳杆菌GG作为益生菌已被广泛商业化，因此应该是健壮的。 Douillard等人使用下一代基因组重测序和表型分析。 （p。37833792）评价了其在1000代实验进化中的稳定性。其基因组在正常或盐胁迫生长条件下稳定;然而，在引入胆汁压力后，观察到多种主要由插入序列介导的基因组缺失，从而导致粘液结合菌毛的丧失。有趣的是，还获得了具有改变的DNA聚合酶的突变体谱系，并且发现该谱系仍然存在。这项研究强调了鼠李糖乳杆菌GG的稳定性，但表明该细菌进入宿主肠道后可能会改变其生态性能。一氧化二氮（N_（2）O）是一种具有破坏臭氧层潜能的强温室气体。主要的N_（2）O库由表达N_（2）O还原酶（NosZ）的细菌组成，并且遗传特征区分了两个不同的nos操纵子进化枝。 Yoon等。 （p。37933800）证明具有II号NosZ进化枝的细菌在N_（2）O下具有较高的生长产量，并在较低浓度下消耗N_（2）O（即，具有较低的全细胞半饱和常数[K _（s）） ]值）。这一发现表明，带有II号NosZ进化枝的细菌负责土壤的N_（2）O吸收能力，并控制N_（2）O向大气的排放。

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