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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Ecophysiological Distinctions of Haloarchaea from a Hypersaline Antarctic Lake as Determined by Metaproteomics
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Ecophysiological Distinctions of Haloarchaea from a Hypersaline Antarctic Lake as Determined by Metaproteomics

机译：超蛋白质组学确定的南极高盐湖中盐生古生物的生理生化特征

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摘要

Deep Lake in the Vestfold Hills is hypersaline and the coldest system in Antarctica known to support microbial growth (temperatures as low as ?20°C). It represents a strong experimental model because the lake supports a low-complexity community of haloarchaea, with the three most abundant species totaling ～72%. Moreover, the dominant haloarchaea are cultivatable, and their genomes are sequenced. Here we use metaproteomics linked to metagenome data and the genome sequences of the isolates to characterize the main pathways, trophic strategies, and interactions associated with resource utilization. The dominance of the most abundant member, Halohasta litchfieldiae , appears to be predicated on competitive utilization of substrates (e.g., starch, glycerol, and dihydroxyacetone) produced by Dunaliella , the lake's primary producer, while also possessing diverse mechanisms for acquiring nitrogen and phosphorus. The second most abundant member, strain DL31, is proficient in degrading complex proteinaceous matter. Hht. litchfieldiae and DL31 are inferred to release labile substrates that are utilized by Halorubrum lacusprofundi , the third most abundant haloarchaeon in Deep Lake. The study also linked genome variation to specific protein variants or distinct genetic capacities, thereby identifying strain-level variation indicative of specialization. Overall, metaproteomics revealed that rather than functional differences occurring at different lake depths or through size partitioning, the main lake genera possess major trophic distinctions, and phylotypes (e.g., strains of Hht. litchfieldiae ) exhibit a more subtle level of specialization. This study highlights the extent to which the lake supports a relatively uniform distribution of taxa that collectively possess the genetic capacity to effectively exploit available nutrients throughout the lake.IMPORTANCE Life on Earth has evolved to colonize a broad range of temperatures, but most of the biosphere (～85%) exists at low temperatures (≤5°C). By performing unique roles in biogeochemical cycles, environmental microorganisms perform functions that are critical for the rest of life on Earth to survive. Cold environments therefore make a particularly important contribution to maintaining healthy, stable ecosystems. Here we describe the main physiological traits of the dominant microorganisms that inhabit Deep Lake in Antarctica, the coldest aquatic environment known to support life. The hypersaline system enables the growth of halophilic members of the Archaea : haloarchaea. By analyzing proteins of samples collected from the water column, we determined the functions that the haloarchaea were likely to perform. This study showed that the dominant haloarchaea possessed distinct lifestyles yet formed a uniform community throughout the lake that was collectively adept at using available light energy and diverse organic substrates for growth.
机译：Vestfold Hills的Deep Lake是高盐度，是南极已知的最冷的系统，可支持微生物生长（温度低至20°C）。它代表了强大的实验模型，因为该湖支持低复杂度的盐生古生物群落，其中三个最丰富的物种总计〜72％。此外，主要的盐生古细菌是可培养的，其基因组已测序。在这里，我们使用与元基因组数据和分离株的基因组序列相关的元蛋白质组学来表征与资源利用相关的主要途径，营养策略和相互作用。最丰富的成员Halohasta litchfieldiae的优势似乎是由该湖的主要生产者Dunaliella生产的底物（例如淀粉，甘油和二羟基丙酮）的竞争性利用所决定的，同时也具有获取氮和磷的多种机制。第二个最丰富的成员，菌株DL31，擅长降解复杂的蛋白质物质。嗯利奇氏菌和DL31被认为释放了不稳定的底物，被深湖中第三大最丰富的卤古菌Halorubrum lacusprofundi利用。这项研究还将基因组变异与特定的蛋白质变异或独特的遗传能力联系起来，从而鉴定出表明专业化的菌株水平变异。总体而言，元蛋白质组学揭示了主要湖泊属而不是在不同的湖泊深度或通过大小划分发生功能差异，而主要的营养属则具有重要的营养区别，而系统型（例如Hitch。litchfieldiae菌株）则表现出更细微的专业化水平。这项研究强调了湖泊在多大程度上支持了相对均匀分布的分类单元，这些分类单元共同拥有有效地利用整个湖泊中可用营养素的遗传能力。重要性地球上的生命已经进化为在广泛的温度范围内定殖，但大多数生物圈（〜85％）在低温（≤5°C）下存在。通过在生物地球化学循环中发挥独特作用，环境微生物可以发挥对地球上其余生命生存至关重要的功能。因此，寒冷的环境对维持健康，稳定的生态系统做出了特别重要的贡献。在这里，我们描述了南极深湖中栖息的优势微生物的主要生理特征，南极是已知最能维持生命的最冷水生环境。高盐系统使古细菌嗜盐成员的生长成为可能。通过分析从水柱中收集的样品蛋白质，我们确定了古细菌可能发挥的功能。这项研究表明，主要的盐生古生物具有独特的生活方式，但在整个湖中形成了一个统一的群落，共同地善于利用可用的光能和多种有机底物来生长。

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