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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Microbial Herd Protection Mediated by Antagonistic Interaction in Polymicrobial Communities
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Microbial Herd Protection Mediated by Antagonistic Interaction in Polymicrobial Communities

机译：拮抗相互作用介导的微生物群落中的微生物群保护。

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In host and natural environments, microbes often exist in complex multispecies communities. The molecular mechanisms through which such communities develop and persist, despite significant antagonistic interactions between species, are not well understood. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a lethal weapon commonly employed by Gram-negative bacteria to inhibit neighboring species through the delivery of toxic effectors. It is well established that intraspecies protection is conferred by immunity proteins that neutralize effector toxicities. In contrast, the mechanisms for interspecies protection are not clear. Here we use two T6SS-active antagonistic bacterial species, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio cholerae , to demonstrate that interspecies protection is dependent on effectors. A. hydrophila and V. cholerae do not share conserved immunity genes but could coexist equally in a mixture. However, mutants lacking the T6SS or effectors were effectively eliminated by the competing wild-type strain. Time-lapse microscopic analyses showed that mutually lethal interactions drive the segregation of mixed species into distinct single-species clusters by eliminating interspersed single cells. Cluster formation provides herd protection by abolishing lethal interactions inside each cluster and restricting the interactions to the boundary. Using an agent-based modeling approach, we simulated the antagonistic interactions of two hypothetical species. The resulting simulations recapitulated our experimental observations. These results provide mechanistic insights regarding the general role of microbial weapons in determining the structures of complex multispecies communities.IMPORTANCE Investigating the warfare of microbes allows us to better understand the ecological relationships in complex microbial communities such as the human microbiota. Here we use the T6SS, a deadly bacterial weapon, as a model to demonstrate the importance of lethal interactions in determining community structures and the exchange of genetic materials. This simplified model elucidates a mechanism of microbial herd protection by which competing antagonistic species can coexist in the same niche, despite their diverse mutually destructive activities. Our results also suggest that antagonistic interactions impose strong selection that could promote multicellular organism-like social behaviors and contribute to the transition to multicellularity during evolution.
机译：在寄主和自然环境中，微生物通常存在于复杂的多物种群落中。尽管物种之间存在显着的拮抗相互作用，但这些群落通过其发展和维持的分子机制尚未得到很好的理解。 VI型分泌系统（T6SS）是一种致命武器，通常被革兰氏阴性细菌用来通过传递毒性效应子来抑制邻近物种。公认的是，中和效应物毒性的免疫蛋白赋予了种内保护。相比之下，种间保护的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用两种T6SS活性拮抗细菌物种，嗜水气单胞菌和霍乱弧菌，证明种间保护取决于效应子。嗜水气单胞菌和霍乱弧菌不共享保守的免疫基因，但可以平等地共存于混合物中。但是，缺少T6SS或效应子的突变体被竞争性野生型菌株有效地消除了。延时显微镜分析表明，相互致死的相互作用通过消除散布的单个细胞，将混合物种的分离驱动为不同的单物种簇。集群的形成通过消除每个集群内部的致命相互作用并将相互作用限制在边界上，从而提供了畜群保护。使用基于代理的建模方法，我们模拟了两个假设物种的拮抗作用。所得的模拟概括了我们的实验观察。这些结果提供了有关微生物武器在确定复杂的多物种群落结构中的一般作用的机械性见解。重要事项通过调查微生物战，我们可以更好地了解诸如人类微生物群之类的复杂微生物群落中的生态关系。在这里，我们使用T6SS（一种致命的细菌武器）作为模型来证明致命相互作用在确定群落结构和遗传物质交换中的重要性。这种简化的模型阐明了一种微生物群保护的机制，通过这种机制，尽管竞争的拮抗物种相互破坏性不同，但它们可以共存于同一位置。我们的研究结果还表明，拮抗作用强加了强烈的选择，可以促进多细胞生物样的社会行为，并有助于进化过程中向多细胞性的过渡。

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