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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Independent Evolution with the Gene Flux Originating from Multiple Xanthomonas Species Explains Genomic Heterogeneity in Xanthomonas perforans
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Independent Evolution with the Gene Flux Originating from Multiple Xanthomonas Species Explains Genomic Heterogeneity in Xanthomonas perforans

机译：源自多个黄单胞菌属物种的基因通量的独立进化解释了黑单胞菌中的基因组异质性。

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Xanthomonas perforans is the predominant pathogen responsible for bacterial leaf spot of tomato and X. euvesicatoria for that of pepper in the southeast United States. Previous studies have indicated significant changes in the X. perforans population collected from Florida tomato fields over the span of 2 decades, including a shift in race and diversification into three phylogenetic groups driven by genome-wide homologous-recombination events derived from X. euvesicatoria. In our sampling of Xanthomonas strains associated with bacterial spot disease in Alabama, we were readily able to isolate X. perforans from symptomatic pepper plants grown in several Alabama counties, indicating a recent shift in the host range of the pathogen. To investigate the diversity of these pepper-pathogenic strains and their relation to populations associated with tomatoes grown in the southeast United States, we sequenced the genomes of eight X. perforans strains isolated from tomatoes and peppers grown in Alabama and compared them with previously published genome data available from GenBank. Surprisingly, reconstruction of the X. perforans core genome revealed the presence of two novel genetic groups in Alabama that each harbored a different transcription activation-like effector (TALE). While one TALE, AvrHah1, was associated with an emergent lineage pathogenic to both tomato and pepper, the other was identified as a new class within the AvrBs3 family, here designated PthXp1, and was associated with enhanced symptom development on tomato. Examination of patterns of homologous recombination across the larger X. euvesicatoria species complex revealed a dynamic pattern of gene flow, with multiple donors of Xanthomonas spp. associated with diverse hosts of isolation.IMPORTANCE Bacterial leaf spot of tomato and pepper is an endemic plant disease with a global distribution. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of novel X. perforans lineages identified in Alabama. While one lineage was isolated from symptomatic tomato and pepper plants, confirming the host range expansion of X. perforans, the other lineage was isolated from tomato and acquired a novel transcription activation-like effector, here designated PthXp1. Functional analysis of PthXp1 indicated that it does not induce Bs4-mediated resistance in tomato and contributes to virulence, providing an adaptive advantage to strains on tomato. Our findings also show that different phylogenetic groups of the pathogen have experienced independent recombination events originating from multiple Xanthomonas species. This suggests a continuous gene flux between related xanthomonads associated with diverse plant hosts that results in the emergence of novel pathogen lineages and associated phenotypes, including host range.
机译：Xperhomonas perforans是美国东南部主要的病原菌，负责番茄的细菌性叶斑病，而X. euvesicatoria则负责辣椒的叶斑病。先前的研究表明，在过去的20年中，从佛罗里达番茄田中获得的X.perforans种群发生了显着变化，包括种族和多样化转变为由euvesicatoria产生的全基因组同源重组事件驱动的三个系统发生组。在我们对与阿拉巴马州细菌斑病相关的Xanthomonas菌株的采样中，我们能够轻松地从阿拉巴马州多个县县生长的有症状辣椒植物中分离穿孔杆菌，这表明病原体的寄主范围最近发生了变化。为了调查这些辣椒致病菌株的多样性及其与美国东南部种植的番茄相关种群的关系，我们对从阿拉巴马州种植的西红柿和辣椒中分离的八种X.perforans菌株的基因组进行了测序，并将其与先前发表的基因组进行了比较。数据可从GenBank获得。令人惊讶的是，X.perforans核心基因组的重建揭示了阿拉巴马州两个新的遗传基团的存在，每个遗传基团都具有不同的转录激活样效应物（TALE）。虽然一个TALE，AvrHah1，与番茄和辣椒都具有致病性，但另一个被鉴定为AvrBs3家族的一个新类别，在这里称为PthXp1，与番茄症状的发展有关。跨较大的X. euvesicatoria物种复合体的同源重组模式的检查揭示了动态的基因流模式，有多个Xanthomonas spp供体。重要信息番茄和辣椒的细菌性叶斑病是全球分布的特有植物病。在这项研究中，我们调查了导致在阿拉巴马州发现的新型X. perforans世系的进化过程。从有症状的番茄和辣椒植物中分离出一个谱系，证实了穿孔杆菌的宿主范围扩展，而从番茄分离出另一个谱系，并获得了一种新型的转录激活样效应子，在此称为PthXp1。 PthXp1的功能分析表明，它不会在番茄中诱导Bs4介导的抗性，并且有助于增加毒力，为番茄上的菌株提供了适应性优势。我们的研究结果还表明，病原体的不同系统发育组经历了源自多种黄单胞菌属物种的独立重组事件。这表明与各种植物宿主相关的相关黄单胞菌之间的连续基因通量导致了新的病原体谱系和相关表型的出现，包括宿主范围。

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