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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Sporadic Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses and High-Level Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses during Sewage Surveillance in Seven Italian Cities, after Several Years of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination
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Sporadic Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses and High-Level Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses during Sewage Surveillance in Seven Italian Cities, after Several Years of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination

机译：几年灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种后，在意大利七个城市的污水监测过程中，对萨宾样脊髓灰质炎病毒进行了零星分离和非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒的高水平检测。

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Sewage surveillance in seven Italian cities between 2005 and 2008, after the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccination (IPV) in 2002, showed rare polioviruses, none that were wild-type or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), and many other enteroviruses among 1,392 samples analyzed. Two of five polioviruses (PV) detected were Sabin-like PV2 and three PV3, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR results. Neurovirulence-related mutations were found in the 5′ noncoding region (5′NCR) of all strains and, for a PV2, also in VP1 region 143 (Ile > Thr). Intertypic recombination in the 3D region was detected in a second PV2 (Sabin 2/Sabin 1) and a PV3 (Sabin 3/Sabin 2). The low mutation rate in VP1 for all PVs suggests limited interhuman virus passages, consistent with efficient polio immunization in Italy. Nonetheless, these findings highlight the risk of wild or Sabin poliovirus reintroduction from abroad. Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) were detected, 448 of which were coxsackievirus B (CVB) and 294 of which were echoviruses (Echo). Fifty-six NPEVs failing serological typing were characterized by sequencing the VP1 region (nucleotides [nt] 2628 to 2976). A total of 448 CVB and 294 Echo strains were identified; among those strains, CVB2, CVB5, and Echo 11 predominated. Environmental CVB5 and CVB2 strains from this study showed high sequence identity with GenBank global strains. The high similarity between environmental NPEVs and clinical strains from the same areas of Italy and the same periods indicates that environmental strains reflect the viruses circulating in the population and highlights the potential risk of inefficient wastewater treatments. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be more sensitive than acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in monitoring silent poliovirus circulation in the population as well as the suitability of molecular approaches to enterovirus typing.
机译：在2002年引入灭活脊灰病毒疫苗（IPV）之后，2005年至2008年之间，意大利七个城市的污水监测显示，罕见的脊髓灰质炎病毒，没有一种是野生型或循环疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV），还有1,392例中还有许多其他肠病毒样品分析。根据酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和PCR结果，检测到的五种脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV）中有两种是Sabin样PV2，三种是PV3。在所有菌株的5'非编码区（5'NCR）中发现了与神经毒力相关的突变，对于PV2，也在VP1区143（Ile> Thr）中发现了神经毒力相关突变。在第二个PV2（Sabin 2 / Sabin 1）和PV3（Sabin 3 / Sabin 2）中检测到3D区中的型间重组。所有PV的VP1突变率均较低，表明人际病毒传播有限，这与意大利有效的脊髓灰质炎免疫一致。但是，这些发现突出了从国外再次引入野生或沙宾脊髓灰质炎病毒的风险。检测到非脊髓灰质炎性肠病毒（NPEV），其中448例是柯萨奇病毒B（CVB），其中294例是回声病毒（Echo）。通过对VP1区测序（核苷酸[nt] 2628至2976）来表征56例血清学分型失败的NPEV。总共鉴定了448株CVB和294株Echo菌株。在这些菌株中，CVB2，CVB5和Echo 11占主导地位。这项研究的环境CVB5和CVB2菌株与GenBank全球菌株具有高度的序列同一性。来自意大利相同地区和相同时期的环境NPEV与临床菌株之间的高度相似性表明，环境菌株反映了人口中传播的病毒，并突出了低效废水处理的潜在风险。这项研究证实，污水监测比急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测在监测人群中无症状的脊髓灰质炎病毒循环以及分子方法对肠病毒分型的适用性方面更为敏感。

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