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Hierarchical progressive surveys - Multi-resolution HEALPix data structures for astronomical images, catalogues, and 3-dimensional data cubes

机译:递进分层调查-用于天文图像,目录和3维数据立方体的多分辨率HEALPix数据结构

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Context. Scientific exploitation of the ever increasing volumes of astronomical data requires efficient and practical methods for data access, visualisation, and analysis. Hierarchical sky tessellation techniques enable a multi-resolution approach to organising data on angular scales from the full sky down to the individual image pixels. Aims. We aim to show that the hierarchical progressive survey (HiPS) scheme for describing astronomical images, source catalogues, and three-dimensional data cubes is a practical solution to managing large volumes of heterogeneous data and that it enables a new level of scientific interoperability across large collections of data of these different data types. Methods. HiPS uses the HEALPix tessellation of the sphere to define a hierarchical tile and pixel structure to describe and organise astronomical data. HiPS is designed to conserve the scientific properties of the data alongside both visualisation considerations and emphasis on the ease of implementation. We describe the development of HiPS to manage a large number of diverse image surveys, as well as the extension of hierarchical image systems to cube and catalogue data. We demonstrate the interoperability of HiPS and multi-order coverage (MOC) maps and highlight the HiPS mechanism to provide links to the original data. Results. Hierarchical progressive surveys have been generated by various data centres and groups for ~200 data collections including many wide area sky surveys, and archives of pointed observations. These can be accessed and visualised in Aladin, Aladin Lite, and other applications. HiPS provides a basis for further innovations in the use of hierarchical data structures to facilitate the description and statistical analysis of large astronomical data sets.
机译:上下文。科学地利用不断增加的天文数据量,需要有效而实用的方法来进行数据访问,可视化和分析。分层的天空细分技术实现了一种多分辨率方法,可以组织从满天下到单个图像像素的角度刻度上的数据。目的我们旨在表明,用于描述天文图像,源目录和三维数据立方体的分层渐进式调查(HiPS)方案是管理大量异构数据的实用解决方案,并且可以实现跨大型科学级别的科学互操作性这些不同数据类型的数据集合。方法。 HiPS使用球体的HEALPix细分来定义分层的图块和像素结构,以描述和组织天文数据。 HiPS旨在保留数据的科学属性,同时考虑可视化因素并强调易于实现。我们描述了HiPS的发展,以管理大量不同的图像调查,以及将分层图像系统扩展到多维数据集和目录数据。我们演示了HiPS和多阶覆盖(MOC)映射的互操作性,并重点介绍了HiPS机制以提供到原始数据的链接。结果。各个数据中心和小组已针对约200个数据集生成了分层渐进式调查,其中包括许多广域天空调查和有针对性的观测数据档案。可以在Aladin,Aladin Lite和其他应用程序中对其进行访问和可视化。 HiPS为进一步创新使用分层数据结构提供了基础,以促进大型天文数据集的描述和统计分析。

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