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The Gaia-ESO Survey: Calibration strategy

机译：Gaia-ESO调查：校准策略

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The Gaia -ESO survey (GES) is now in its fifth and last year of observations and has produced tens of thousands of high-quality spectra of stars in all Milky Way components. This paper presents the strategy behind the selection of astrophysical calibration targets, ensuring that all GES results on radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundance ratios will be both internally consistent and easily comparable with other literature results, especially from other large spectroscopic surveys and from Gaia . The calibration of GES is particularly delicate because of (i) the large space of parameters covered by its targets, ranging from dwarfs to giants, from O to M stars; these targets have a large wide of metallicities and also include fast rotators, emission line objects, and stars affected by veiling; (ii) the variety of observing setups, with different wavelength ranges and resolution; and (iii) the choice of analyzing the data with many different state-of-the-art methods, each stronger in a different region of the parameter space, which ensures a better understanding of systematic uncertainties. An overview of the GES calibration and homogenization strategy is also given, along with some examples of the usage and results of calibrators in GES iDR4, which is the fourth internal GES data release and will form the basis of the next GES public data release. The agreement between GES iDR4 recommended values and reference values for the calibrating objects are very satisfactory. The average offsets and spreads are generally compatible with the GES measurement errors, which in iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main GES scientific goals.
机译：盖亚-ESO观测（GES）现在处于其第五次和去年的观测，并且已在所有银河系成分中产生了成千上万个高质量的恒星光谱。本文介绍了选择天体校准目标的背后策略，以确保所有GES在径向速度，大气参数和化学丰度比上的结果在内部都是一致的，并且易于与其他文献结果相媲美，尤其是来自其他大型光谱学调查和盖亚GES的校准特别微妙，因为（i）它的目标所覆盖的参数空间很大，从侏儒到巨星，从O星到M星;这些靶材具有很大的金属性，还包括快速旋转器，发射线物体和受面纱影响的恒星; （ii）具有不同波长范围和分辨率的各种观测装置; （iii）选择使用许多不同的最新方法来分析数据，每种方法在参数空间的不同区域中都更强大，从而确保了对系统不确定性的更好理解。还概述了GES校准和均质化策略，并举例说明了GES iDR4中校准器的用法和结果，这是GES内部的第四次数据发布，将成为下一次GES公开数据发布的基础。 GES iDR4建议值与校准对象的参考值之间的一致性非常令人满意。平均偏移和扩展通常与GES测量误差兼容，iDR4数据中的GES测量误差已经满足了GES主要科学目标设定的要求。

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