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Combined energy and thermal management for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles -analyses based on optimal control theory

机译：插电式混合动力汽车的能量和热管理相结合-基于最优控制理论的分析

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The calibration of fuel-efficient energy management strategies (EMSs) for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) requires an in-depth understanding of the powertrain component’s operation mode and, in particular, its optimal interaction. The derivation of optimal EMSs under stationary operating conditions and its application to the design process of rule-based operating strategies has thoroughly been researched in the past. However, when considering the warm-up period at cold ambient temperatures, the interaction becomes more complex and strongly influenced by transient component characteristics. The efficiency of pure electric driving (ED) and engine load point shifting (LPS) changes within the warm-up period and is even more affected by the respective driving route. Looking at the cabin heating demand suggests the possibility of an EMS being predictive and completely divergent at a first glance in order to provide a sufficient amount of waste heat for cabin heating purposes. This paper applies a forward dynamic programming (FDP) approach in order to focus on the impact of the transient internal combustion engine (ICE) temperature on an optimal operating strategy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Thresholds of efficient electric driving and engine characteristics with respect to optimal load point shifting are analyzed. Additionally, a set of representative driving routes is studied in order to gain further insights into the fuel saving potentials of predictive energy and thermal management strategies.
机译：插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）的节油能源管理策略（EMS）的标定需要深入了解动力总成组件的运行模式，尤其是其最佳交互作用。过去已经对固定操作条件下的最佳EMS推导及其在基于规则的操作策略的设计过程中的应用进行了深入研究。但是，当考虑在低温环境温度下的预热期时，相互作用变得更加复杂，并且受瞬态组件特性的强烈影响。纯电动行驶（ED）和发动机负荷点移动（LPS）的效率在预热期内会发生变化，并且受相应行驶路线的影响更大。查看机舱供暖需求表明，EMS乍一看可能是预测性的且完全发散的，以便为机舱供暖目的提供足够的废热。本文应用前向动态编程（FDP）方法，以便集中研究瞬态内燃机（ICE）温度对混合动力电动汽车（HEV）最佳运行策略的影响。分析了关于最佳负载点移动的有效电驱动和发动机特性的阈值。此外，还研究了一组有代表性的驾驶路线，以进一步了解预测能源和热管理策略的节油潜力。

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