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首页> 外文期刊>Infection and immunity >Time between Inoculations and Karyotype Forms ofPneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii Influence Outcome of Experimental Coinfections in Rats
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Time between Inoculations and Karyotype Forms ofPneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii Influence Outcome of Experimental Coinfections in Rats

机译：卡氏肺孢子虫接种与核型形式之间的时间。 sp。 Carinii对大鼠实验合并感染的影响结果

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The prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in humans caused by more than a single genotype has been reported to range from 10 to 67%, depending on the method used for detection (3, 19). Most coinfections were associated with primary rather than recurrent disease. To better understand the factors influencing the development of coinfections, the time periods between inoculations and the genotype of the infecting organisms were evaluated in the chronically immunosuppressed-inoculated rat model of PCP.P. carinii f. sp. carinii infecting rats differentiated by karyotypic profiles exhibit the same low level of genetic divergence manifested by organisms infecting humans. P. carinii f. sp. carinii karyotype forms 1, 2, and 6 were inoculated into immunosuppressed rats, individually and in dual combinations, spaced 0, 10, and 20 days apart. Infections comprised of both organism forms resulted from admixtures inoculated at the same time. In contrast, coinfections did not develop in most rats, where a 10- or 20-day gap was inserted between inoculations; only the first organism form inoculated was detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in the resultant infection. Organism burdens were reduced with combinations of forms 1 and 2 spaced 20 days apart but not in rats inoculated with forms 1 and 6. A role for the host response in the elimination of the second population and in reduction of the organism burden was suggested by the lack of direct killing of forms 1 and 2 in an in vitro ATP assay, by reduction of the burden by autoclaved organisms, and by the specific reactions of forms 1 and 2 but not forms 1 and 6. These studies showed that the time between inoculations was critical in establishing coinfections and P. carinii f. sp. carinii karyotype profiles were associated with differences in biological responses. This model provides a useful method for the study of P. cariniicoinfections and their transmission in humans.
机译：据报道，由多种基因型引起的人类卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）患病率在10％到67％之间，具体取决于检测方法（3、19）。大多数合并感染与原发性而非复发性疾病相关。为了更好地了解影响合并感染发展的因素，在慢性免疫抑制接种的PCP大鼠模型中评估了接种之间的时间间隔和感染生物的基因型。卡里尼岛 f。 sp。核型特征分化的 ii Carinii 感染大鼠表现出相同的低水平遗传差异，这种差异表现在感染人类的​​生物体上。 P。卡里尼岛 f。 sp。将 carinii 核型1、2和6分别和以双重组合分别接种到免疫抑制的大鼠中，间隔0、10和20天。由两种生物体形式组成的感染是由同时接种的混合物引起的。相比之下，大多数大鼠没有合并感染，在两次接种之间插入了10天或20天的间隔。在产生的感染中，通过脉冲场凝胶电泳仅检测到了第一种被接种的生物体。间隔20天的形式1和2的组合可减轻生物负荷，但在接种形式1和6的大鼠中则不会降低。通过暗示，宿主反应在消除第二个种群和减轻生物负荷方面发挥了作用。通过减少高压灭菌生物的负担以及通过形式1和2的特异性反应，但没有通过形式1和6的特异性反应，在体外ATP分析中缺乏直接杀死形式1和2的能力。这些研究表明，接种之间的时间间隔在确定合并感染和 P方面至关重要。卡里尼岛 f。 sp。 carinii 的核型特征与生物学反应的差异有关。该模型为研究 P提供了有用的方法。卡林氏菌合并感染及其在人类中的传播。

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