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首页> 外文期刊>Infection and immunity >Extracellular Vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans Modulate Macrophage Functions
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Extracellular Vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans Modulate Macrophage Functions

机译：新型隐球菌的细胞外囊泡调节巨噬细胞功能。

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Cryptococcus neoformans and distantly related fungal species release extracellular vesicles that traverse the cell wall and contain a varied assortment of components, some of which have been associated with virulence. Previous studies have suggested that these extracellular vesicles are produced in vitro and during animal infection, but the role of vesicular secretion during the interaction of fungi with host cells remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate by fluorescence microscopy that mammalian macrophages can incorporate extracellular vesicles produced by C. neoformans. Incubation of cryptococcal vesicles with murine macrophages resulted in increased levels of extracellular tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Vesicle preparations also resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of nitric oxide production by phagocytes, suggesting that vesicle components stimulate macrophages to produce antimicrobial compounds. Treated macrophages were more effective at killing C. neoformans yeast. Our results indicate that the extracellular vesicles of C. neoformans can stimulate macrophage function, apparently activating these phagocytic cells to enhance their antimicrobial activity. These results establish that cryptococcal vesicles are biologically active.
机译：新型隐球菌和远距离相关的真菌物种释放出细胞外囊泡，这些囊泡横穿细胞壁并包含各种各样的成分，其中一些成分与毒力有关。先前的研究表明，这些细胞外囊泡是在体外和动物感染过程中产生的，但是在真菌与宿主细胞相互作用期间囊泡分泌的作用仍然未知。在此报告中，我们通过荧光显微镜证实了哺乳动物巨噬细胞可以整合新孢梭菌产生的细胞外囊泡。隐球菌小泡与鼠巨噬细胞一起孵育导致细胞外肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α），白细胞介素10（IL-10）和转化生长因子β（TGF-β）水平升高。囊泡制剂还导致吞噬细胞产生一氧化氮的剂量依赖性刺激，表明囊泡成分刺激巨噬细胞产生抗微生物化合物。经处理的巨噬细胞在杀死新孢梭菌酵母中更有效。我们的结果表明，新孢梭菌的胞外囊泡可以刺激巨噬细胞功能，显然激活这些吞噬细胞以增强其抗菌活性。这些结果证明隐球菌囊泡具有生物活性。

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