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Infection Intensity-Dependent Responses of Anopheles gambiae to the African Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

机译：冈比亚按蚊对非洲疟原虫恶性疟原虫的感染强度依赖性反应

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摘要

Malaria remains a devastating disease despite efforts at control and prevention. Extensive studies using mostly rodent infection models reveal that successful Plasmodium parasite transmission by the African mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae depends on finely tuned vector-parasite interactions. Here we investigate the transcriptional response of A. gambiae to geographically related Plasmodium falciparum populations at various infection intensities and different infection stages. These responses are compared with those of mosquitoes infected with the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. We demonstrate that mosquito responses are largely dependent on the intensity of infection. A major transcriptional suppression of genes involved in the regulation of midgut homeostasis is detected in low-intensity P. falciparum infections, the most common type of infection in Africa. Importantly, genes transcriptionally induced during these infections tend to be phylogenetically unique to A. gambiae. These data suggest that coadaptation between vectors and parasites may act to minimize the impact of infection on mosquito fitness by selectively suppressing specific functional classes of genes. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing provides initial evidence for important roles of the mosquito G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in controlling infection intensity-dependent antiparasitic responses.
机译：尽管在控制和预防方面做出了努力，但疟疾仍然是毁灭性疾病。使用大多数啮齿动物感染模型进行的广泛研究表明，非洲蚊子冈比亚按蚊成功传播疟原虫，取决于微调的载体-寄生虫相互作用。在这里，我们研究了在不同的感染强度和不同感染阶段，冈比亚按蚊对地理相关的恶性疟原虫种群的转录反应。将这些反应与感染了啮齿类动物伯氏疟原虫的蚊子的反应进行了比较。我们证明蚊子的反应很大程度上取决于感染的强度。在非洲最常见的感染类型低强度恶性疟原虫感染中，检测到涉及调节中肠稳态的基因的主要转录抑制作用。重要的是，在这些感染过程中转录诱导的基因在系统发育上倾向于冈比亚按蚊。这些数据表明，载体和寄生虫之间的共适应可通过选择性抑制基因的特定功能类别来使感染对蚊子适应性的影响最小化。 RNA干扰（RNAi）介导的基因沉默为蚊子G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）在控制感染强度依赖性抗寄生虫反应中的重要作用提供了初步证据。

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