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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >Virulence Factors of Erwinia amylovora: A Review
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Virulence Factors of Erwinia amylovora: A Review

机译：淀粉欧文氏菌的致病因子：综述

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Erwinia amylovora, a Gram negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within Rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production. Among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective. Pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natural openings, such as wounds, and are capable of rapid movement within plants and the establishment of systemic infections. Many virulence determinants of E. amylovora have been characterized, including the Type III secretion system (T3SS), the exopolysaccharide (EPS) amylovoran, biofilm formation, and motility. To successfully establish an infection, E. amylovora uses a complex regulatory network to sense the relevant environmental signals and coordinate the expression of early and late stage virulence factors involving two component signal transduction systems, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and quorum sensing. The LPS biosynthetic gene cluster is one of the relatively few genetic differences observed between Rubus- and Spiraeoideae-infecting genotypes of E. amylovora. Other differential factors, such as the presence and composition of an integrative conjugative element associated with the Hrp T3SS (hrp genes encoding the T3SS apparatus), have been recently described. In the present review, we present the recent findings on virulence factors research, focusing on their role in bacterial pathogenesis and indicating other virulence factors that deserve future research to characterize them.
机译：淀粉小球藻欧文氏杆菌是肠杆菌科的革兰氏阴性细菌，是火疫病的病原体，火疫病是一种破坏性植物病，影响蔷薇科中的多种寄主物种，并且对商业化的苹果和梨生产产生重大全球威胁。在目前可用的有限数量的控制选择中，在花期期间预防性应用抗生素似乎是最有效的。病原体细胞通过花的花蜜和其他自然开口（例如伤口）进入植物，并能够在植物内快速移动并建立全身感染。已鉴定了许多支链淀粉链球菌的毒性决定因素，包括III型分泌系统（T3SS），胞外多糖（EPS）戊基戊酸，生物膜形成和运动性。为了成功地建立感染，支链淀粉大肠埃希菌使用复杂的调控网络来感知相关的环境信号并协调涉及两个成分信号转导系统（双-（3'-5'）-环二-GMP（c-di-GMP）和仲裁感测。 LPS生物合成基因簇是支链淀粉菌感染红宝石和螺旋藻的基因型之间相对较少的遗传差异之一。最近已经描述了其他差异因素，例如与Hrp T3SS（编码T3SS装置的hrp基因）相关的整合共轭元件的存在和组成。在本综述中，我们介绍了毒力因子研究的最新发现，重点是它们在细菌发病机理中的作用，并指出了值得进一步研究以表征它们的其他毒力因子。

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