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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >Dynamic DNA Methylation in Plant Growth and Development
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Dynamic DNA Methylation in Plant Growth and Development

机译：植物生长发育中的动态DNA甲基化

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摘要

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification required for transposable element (TE) silencing, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. Although DNA methylation has been intensively studied, the dynamic nature of methylation among different species has just begun to be understood. Here we summarize the recent progress in research on the wide variation of DNA methylation in different plants, organs, tissues, and cells; dynamic changes of methylation are also reported during plant growth and development as well as changes in response to environmental stresses. Overall DNA methylation is quite diverse among species, and it occurs in CG, CHG, and CHH (H = A, C, or T) contexts of genes and TEs in angiosperms. Moderately expressed genes are most likely methylated in gene bodies. Methylation levels decrease significantly just upstream of the transcription start site and around transcription termination sites; its levels in the promoter are inversely correlated with the expression of some genes in plants. Methylation can be altered by different environmental stimuli such as pathogens and abiotic stresses. It is likely that methylation existed in the common eukaryotic ancestor before fungi, plants and animals diverged during evolution. In summary, DNA methylation patterns in angiosperms are complex, dynamic, and an integral part of genome diversity after millions of years of evolution.
机译：DNA甲基化是转座因子（TE）沉默，基因组稳定性和基因组印迹所需的表观遗传修饰。尽管已经对DNA甲基化进行了深入研究，但不同物种之间甲基化的动态性质才刚刚开始被理解。在这里，我们总结了不同植物，器官，组织和细胞中DNA甲基化的广泛变化的最新研究进展。在植物的生长和发育过程中，甲基化的动态变化也有所报道，此外，它还响应环境胁迫而变化。总体上，DNA甲基化在物种之间非常不同，并且发生在被子植物中基因和TE的CG，CHG和CHH（H = A，C或T）环境中。中度表达的基因很可能在基因体中甲基化。甲基化水平在转录起始位点的上游和转录终止位点附近明显降低;它在启动子中的水平与植物中某些基因的表达呈负相关。甲基化可以通过不同的环境刺激（例如病原体和非生物胁迫）来改变。在进化过程中真菌，动植物发散之前，常见的真核祖先可能存在甲基化。总而言之，经过数百万年的进化，被子植物中的DNA甲基化模式是复杂的，动态的，并且是基因组多样性的组成部分。

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