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Spread of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis

机译:广泛耐药结核的传播

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To the Editor: An emergencyhas been declared in KwaZulu Natal,South Africa, where an outbreak of 53cases of a highly lethal form of tuber-culosis (TB) has occurred (1,2). Thisoutbreak was caused by an extensive-ly drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) strain.XDR TB is defined as TB causedby Mycobacterium tuberculosis iso-lates resistant to isoniazid andrifampicin plus any fluoroquinoloneand >1 of the 3 injectable second-linedrugs (3). XDR TB may be consid-ered an emerging disease but not anew disease. Nosocomial outbreaks ofmultidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB)occurred in Spain at the height of theHIV epidemic, when 49 TB caseswere reported in an HIV ward inMadrid from 1991 through 1995(4,5). Molecular epidemiology foundthat a particular strain caused 16 casesin another hospital in Madrid in1993–1995 (6) and 31 cases in a hos-pital in Malaga in 1995–1998 (7,8). Intotal, 22 hospitals from 6 differentregions of Spain were affected by thisoutbreak, which included at least 114cases, caused by an M. bovis XDRstrain (B strain) belonging to the M.tuberculosis complex. The patientsincluded 1 from the Netherlands (8)and another from Canada (9).
机译:致编辑:南非夸祖鲁纳塔尔宣布发生紧急情况,该地区爆发了53例高致死性结核病(1,2)病例。此次暴发是由广泛耐药的TB(XDR TB)菌株引起的.XDR TB定义为对异烟肼和利福平加任何氟喹诺酮耐药的结核分枝杆菌异形体和3种注射用二线药物中的1种以上的结核病(3)。广泛耐药结核可能被认为是一种新兴疾病,而不是新疾病。在1991年至1995年期间,马德里的一个艾滋病毒病房报告了49 TB病例,在HIV流行高峰期间,西班牙发生了耐多药结核病的医院暴发(4,5)。分子流行病学发现,一种特定的菌株在1993–1995年在马德里的另一家医院引起了16例病例(6),在1995–1998年在马拉加的一家医院引起了31例病例(7,8)。总共有来自西班牙6个不同地区的22家医院受到了此次疫情的影响,其中至少有114例是由属于结核分枝杆菌复合体的牛分枝杆菌XDR菌株(B株)引起的。患者包括来自荷兰的1例(8)和来自加拿大的9例。

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