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Influenza Pandemics in Singapore, a Tropical, Globally Connected City

机译：热带，全球互联城市新加坡的流感大流行

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Tropical cities such as Singapore do not have well-de-fi ned in. uenza seasons but have not been spared from in-. uenza pandemics. The 1918 epidemic in Singapore, which was then already a major global trading hub, occurred in 2 waves, June–July, and October–November, and resulted in >2,870 deaths. The excess mortality rate was higher than that for industrialized nations in the Northern Hemisphere but lower than that for less industrialized countries in Asia and Africa. The 1957 epidemic occurred in May and re-sulted in widespread illness. The 1968 epidemic occurred in August and lasted a few weeks, again with widespread illness. Tropical cities may be affected early in a pandemic and have higher mortality rates. With the increase in travel and trade, a future pandemic may reach a globally connect-ed city early and spread worldwide. Preparedness and sur-veillance plans must be developed to include the megacities of the tropical world
机译：像新加坡这样的热带城市在uenza季节没有很好的定义，但也没有幸免。乌恩扎大流行。 1918年在新加坡流行，当时已经是一个主要的全球贸易中心，在6月至7月以及10月至11月的两次浪潮中发生，导致2870多人死亡。超额死亡率高于北半球的工业化国家，但低于亚洲和非洲的工业化程度较低的国家。 1957年的流行病于5月发生，并再次导致广泛的疾病。 1968年的流行病发生在八月，持续了数周之久，再次病情普遍。热带城市可能在大流行初期受到影响，死亡率更高。随着旅行和贸易的增加，未来的大流行可能会提前到达与全球联系的城市，并在全球范围内传播。必须制定防备和监视计划，以包括热带世界的特大城市

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