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Investigation of Outbreaks Complicated by Universal Exposure

机译：普遍暴露引起的暴发调查

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Outbreaks in which most or all persons were exposed to the same suspected source of infection, so-called uni-versal exposure, are common. They represent a challenge for public health specialists because conducting analytical studies in such investigations is complicated by the absence of a nonexposed group. We describe different strategies that can support investigations of outbreaks with universal exposure. The value of descriptive epidemiology, extensive environmental investigation, and the hypothesis-generation phase cannot be overemphasized. An exposure that seems universal may in fact not be universal when additional as-pects of the exposure are taken into account. Each expo-sure has unique characteristics that may not be captured when investigators rely on the tools readily at hand, such as standard questionnaires. We therefore encourage fi eld epidemiologists to be creative and consider the use of alter-native data sources or original techniques in their investiga-tions of outbreaks with universal exposure
机译：多数人或所有人都暴露于同一可疑感染源的暴发很普遍，即所谓的普遍感染。它们对公共卫生专家构成了挑战，因为在这样的调查中进行分析研究由于缺少未暴露的人群而变得复杂。我们描述了可以支持对普遍暴露的暴发进行调查的不同策略。描述性流行病学，广泛的环境调查以及假设生成阶段的价值不可过分强调。如果考虑到暴露的其他方面，那么看起来普遍存在的暴露实际上可能并不普遍。每次曝光都具有独特的特征，当调查人员依赖于手头的工具（例如标准调查表）时，可能无法捕捉到。因此，我们鼓励现场流行病学家发挥创造力，并考虑在他们的普遍感染暴发调查中使用替代数据源或原始技术

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