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首页> 外文期刊>E3S Web of Conferences >Anthropogenic Vanadium emissions to air and ambient air concentrations in North-West Europe
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Anthropogenic Vanadium emissions to air and ambient air concentrations in North-West Europe

机译：西北欧空气中人为排放的钒和周围空气的浓度

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An inventory of Vanadium emissions for North-West Europe for the year 2005 was made based on an identification of the major sources. The inventory covers Belgium, Germany, Denmark, France, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Netherlands and the OSPAR region of the North Sea. Vanadium emission were calculated bottom-up using energy use activity data and collected fuel and sector-specific emissions factors, taking into account various emission control measures. The NW European emissions were dominated by combustion of heavy fuel oil and petroleum cokes. Total emissions for 2005 amounted to 1569 tons/yr. The major sources are sea going ships (39%), petroleum refineries (35%) and industry (19%). Emission is strongly concentrated at the densely populated cities with major sea ports. The location of sources at or near the major port cities was confirmed by observational data, as was the downward trend in emissions due to emission control, fuel switches in industry and fuel quality improvement. The results show the positive impact of lower sulphur fuels on other possible health relevant air pollutants such as particle bound Vanadium. The emission inventory can be expanded to the full European domain and can be used to for air quality modeling and particularly for the tracing of source contributions from certain types of fossil fuels (petroleum coke and residual fuel oil). Moreover, it will allow the monitoring of changes in fuel use over time.Key words: Heavy metals / Vanadium / emission inventory / heavy fuel oil / shipping / petroleum cokes
机译：在查明主要来源的基础上，编制了2005年西北欧钒排放量清单。库存涵盖比利时，德国，丹麦，法国，英国，卢森堡，荷兰和北海的OSPAR地区。钒的排放量是根据能源使用活动数据自下而上计算的，并考虑了各种排放控制措施，收集了燃料和特定部门的排放因子。欧洲西北部的排放物主要由重质燃料油和石油焦炭燃烧而成。 2005年的总排放量为1569吨/年。主要来源是远洋轮船（39％），炼油厂（35％）和工业（19％）。排放高度集中在人口密集的城市和主要海港。观测数据证实了主要港口城市或附近的污染源的位置，以及由于排放控制，工业燃料转换和燃料质量改善而导致的排放下降趋势。结果表明，低硫燃料对其他可能与健康有关的空气污染物（如颗粒结合钒）具有积极影响。排放清单可以扩展到整个欧洲范围，并且可以用于空气质量建模，尤其是用于跟踪某些类型的化石燃料（石油焦和残余燃料油）的源贡献。此外，它将允许监视燃料使用随时间的变化。关键词：重金属/钒/排放清单/重质燃料油/运输/石油焦

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