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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Articulated coordination of the right arm underlies control of bow parameters and quick bow reversals in skilled cello bowing
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Articulated coordination of the right arm underlies control of bow parameters and quick bow reversals in skilled cello bowing

机译：在熟练的大提琴弓曲中，右臂的关节式协调是弓曲参数控制和快速弓曲反转的基础

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Stringed instrument bowing is a complex coordinative motor skill acquired though years of intense practice. We apply a novel “freezing” analysis to investigate how movement at different joints contributes to bow transport (movement amplitude), stabilization of bow parameters (angle, velocity) during bow movements, and quick reversals of bow direction (acceleration amplitude). Participants were ten advanced or professional cellists (19–32 years, at least 10 years of practice) and ten age-matched novice players. Arm and bow movements were recorded using 3D motion capture. To assess how performance depends on articulated use of the right arm, actual data were compared to surrogate data, generated by artificially removing movement at (“freezing”) individual joints in measured arm movements. This analysis showed that both elbow and shoulder significantly contribute to bow transport in experts, while only the shoulder contributed to bow transport in novices. Moreover, experts showed more strongly increased variability of bow parameters and reduced acceleration amplitudes at bow reversals for surrogate compared to actual movement data. This indicates that movement across joints was organized to reduce bow variability and achieve quick bow reversals. Corresponding effects were less pronounced or absent in the novices, in particular for the wrist and elbow. Our results demonstrate the importance of articulated use of the right arm and clarify the contribution of different joints in experts’ bowing performance. Moreover, they support theories of motor control and learning that propose exploitation of biomechanical degrees of freedom, in particular of distal joints, as a critical component in skilled motor performance.
机译：弦乐器鞠躬是一项复杂的协调运动技能，尽管经过多年的严格实践，但仍获得了。我们应用新颖的“冻结”分析来研究不同关节的运动如何促进弓箭运输（运动幅度），弓箭运动过程中弓箭参数（角度，速度）的稳定以及弓箭方向的快速反转（加速度幅度）。参与者是十名高级或专业大提琴手（19-32岁，至少有十年实践经验）和十名年龄匹配的新手。使用3D运动捕捉功能记录手臂和弓箭的运动。为了评估性能如何取决于右臂的关节使用，将实际数据与替代数据进行了比较，该替代数据是通过在测量的臂部运动中人工去除（“冻结”）各个关节处的运动而生成的。该分析表明，在专家中，肘部和肩膀都对弓的运输有显着贡献，而在新手中只有肩膀对弓的运输有贡献。此外，与实际运动数据相比，专家显示，弓形参数的可变性更强，弓形反转时减小的加速度幅度减小。这表明跨关节运动的目的是减少弓的变异性并实现快速的弓逆转。在新手中，特别是对于手腕和肘部，相应的影响不太明显或没有。我们的结果证明了正确使用右臂的重要性，并阐明了不同关节对专家鞠躬性能的贡献。而且，它们支持运动控制和学习的理论，这些理论提出了利用生物机械自由度，特别是远端关节的自由度，作为熟练运动性能的关键组成部分。

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