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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >How sensory-motor systems impact the neural organization for language: direct contrasts between spoken and signed language
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How sensory-motor systems impact the neural organization for language: direct contrasts between spoken and signed language

机译：感觉运动系统如何影响语言的神经组织：口语和手语之间的直接对比

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To investigate the impact of sensory-motor systems on the neural organization for language, we conducted an H215O-PET study of sign and spoken word production (picture-naming) and an fMRI study of sign and audio-visual spoken language comprehension (detection of a semantically anomalous sentence) with hearing bilinguals who are native users of American Sign Language (ASL) and English. Directly contrasting speech and sign production revealed greater activation in bilateral parietal cortex for signing, while speaking resulted in greater activation in bilateral superior temporal cortex (STC) and right frontal cortex, likely reflecting auditory feedback control. Surprisingly, the language production contrast revealed a relative increase in activation in bilateral occipital cortex for speaking. We speculate that greater activation in visual cortex for speaking may actually reflect cortical attenuation when signing, which functions to distinguish self-produced from externally generated visual input. Directly contrasting speech and sign comprehension revealed greater activation in bilateral STC for speech and greater activation in bilateral occipital-temporal cortex for sign. Sign comprehension, like sign production, engaged bilateral parietal cortex to a greater extent than spoken language. We hypothesize that posterior parietal activation in part reflects processing related to spatial classifier constructions in ASL and that anterior parietal activation may reflect covert imitation that functions as a predictive model during sign comprehension. The conjunction analysis for comprehension revealed that both speech and sign bilaterally engaged the inferior frontal gyrus (with more extensive activation on the left) and the superior temporal sulcus, suggesting an invariant bilateral perisylvian language system. We conclude that surface level differences between sign and spoken languages should not be dismissed and are critical for understanding the neurobiology of language.
机译：为了研究感觉运动系统对语言神经组织的影响，我们进行了H215O-PET研究手语和口语单词的产生（图片命名），以及功能磁共振成像研究对手语和视听口语理解（检测语义上异常的句子），并且听的双语者是美国手语（ASL）和英语的母语使用者。直接对比语音和体征的产生显示，双侧顶叶皮层的激活更大，而说话导致双侧颞叶皮层（STC）和右额叶皮层的激活更大，这可能反映了听觉反馈控制。出乎意料的是，语言产生的对比显示了双侧枕叶皮层说话的激活相对增加。我们推测，说话时视觉皮层中更大的激活可能实际上反映了签名时皮层的衰减，其作用是将自我产生的声音与外部产生的视觉输入区分开。直接对比语音和符号理解显示双边STC的语音激活更多，而双侧枕颞皮层的符号激活更大。与言语产生一样，言语理解比双边语言更能吸引双侧顶叶皮层。我们假设后顶壁激活部分反映了与ASL中的空间分类器构造有关的处理，而前顶壁激活可能反映了隐喻模仿，在符号理解过程中它充当了预测模型。对理解力的联合分析显示，语音和体征都在双边接触下额回（左侧激活程度更大）和颞上沟，提示双边双侧肩周语言系统不变。我们得出的结论是，手语和口语之间的表面水平差异不容忽视，这对于理解语言的神经生物学至关重要。

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