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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Linking attentional processes and conceptual problem solving: visual cues facilitate the automaticity of extracting relevant information from diagrams
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Linking attentional processes and conceptual problem solving: visual cues facilitate the automaticity of extracting relevant information from diagrams

机译：将注意过程与概念性问题解决联系起来：视觉提示有助于自动从图表中提取相关信息

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This study investigated links between visual attention processes and conceptual problem solving. This was done by overlaying visual cues on conceptual physics problem diagrams to direct participants’ attention to relevant areas to facilitate problem solving. Participants (N = 80) individually worked through four problem sets, each containing a diagram, while their eye movements were recorded. Each diagram contained regions that were relevant to solving the problem correctly and separate regions related to common incorrect responses. Problem sets contained an initial problem, six isomorphic training problems, and a transfer problem. The cued condition saw visual cues overlaid on the training problems. Participants’ verbal responses were used to determine their accuracy. This study produced two major findings. First, short duration visual cues which draw attention to solution-relevant information and aid in the organizing and integrating of it, facilitate both immediate problem solving and generalization of that ability to new problems. Thus, visual cues can facilitate re-representing a problem and overcoming impasse, enabling a correct solution. Importantly, these cueing effects on problem solving did not involve the solvers’ attention necessarily embodying the solution to the problem, but were instead caused by solvers attending to and integrating relevant information in the problems into a solution path. Second, this study demonstrates that when such cues are used across multiple problems, solvers can automatize the extraction of problem-relevant information extraction. These results suggest that low-level attentional selection processes provide a necessary gateway for relevant information to be used in problem solving, but are generally not sufficient for correct problem solving. Instead, factors that lead a solver to an impasse and to organize and integrate problem information also greatly facilitate arriving at correct solutions.
机译：这项研究调查了视觉注意力过程和概念性问题解决之间的联系。这是通过将视觉提示叠加在概念物理问题图上来完成的，以将参与者的注意力吸引到相关领域，以促进问题解决。参与者（N = 80）分别研究了四个问题集，每个问题集都有一张图表，同时记录了他们的眼睛运动。每个图都包含与正确解决问题有关的区域，并包含与常见错误响应有关的区域。问题集包含一个初始问题，六个同构训练问题和一个转移问题。在提示状态下，视觉提示重叠在训练问题上。参与者的口头回答被用来确定他们的准确性。这项研究产生了两个主要发现。首先，短期的视觉提示会引起人们对与解决方案有关的信息的关注，并有助于其组织和整合，这有助于立即解决问题并将该能力推广到新问题。因此，视觉提示可以帮助重新表示问题并克服僵局，从而实现正确的解决方案。重要的是，这些提示对解决问题的影响并没有引起解决者的注意，而他们的注意力不一定体现了解决问题的方法，而是由解决者关注并将问题中的相关信息整合到解决路径中引起的。其次，这项研究表明，当将此类线索用于多个问题时，求解器可以自动提取与问题相关的信息。这些结果表明，低级别的注意力选择过程为解决问题中使用的相关信息提供了必要的途径，但通常不足以解决问题。相反，导致求解器陷入僵局并组织和集成问题信息的因素也极大地有助于获得正确的解决方案。

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