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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Dysfunctional Freezing Responses to Approaching Stimuli in Persons with a Looming Cognitive Style for Physical Threats
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Dysfunctional Freezing Responses to Approaching Stimuli in Persons with a Looming Cognitive Style for Physical Threats

机译：对身体威胁的认知方式日趋严重的人对接近刺激的功能异常冻结反应。

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Immobilizing freezing responses are associated with anxiety and may be etiologically related to several anxiety disorders. Although recent studies have sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms in freezing responses that are so problematic in many forms of anxiety, cognitive factors related to anxiety have not been investigated. This study was designed to investigate the potential moderating role of a well-documented cognitive vulnerability to anxiety, the Looming Cognitive Style (i.e., LCS; Riskind et al., 2000), which assesses the extent to which individuals tend to routinely interpret ambiguous threats (e.g., physical or social threats) in a biased manner as approaching. We assessed participants' Reaction Times (RTs) when they made judgments about images of animals that differed in threat valence (threat or neutral) and motion direction (approach or recede). As expected, LCS for concerns about the approach of physical dangers appeared to moderate freeze reactions. Individuals who were high on this LCS factor tended to generally exhibit a freeze-response (slower RTs) and this was independent of the threat valence or motion direction of the animals. These general freezing reactions were in stark contrast to those of individuals who were low on the LCS factor for concerns about the approach of physical dangers. These participants tended to exhibit more selective and functional freezing responses that occurred only to threatening animals with approach motion; they did not exhibit freezing to neutral stimuli or any stimuli with receding motion. These findings did not appear to be explicable by a general slowing of RTs for the participants with high LCS. Moreover, the LCS factor for concerns about social threats (such as rejection or embarrassment) was not related to differences in freezing; there was also no additional relationship of freezing to behavioral inhibition scores on the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS). It may prove fruitful to further explore cognitive factors related to anxiety to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how these factors are associated with anxiety-related freezing responses.
机译：固定的冰冻反应与焦虑症有关，在病因学上可能与几种焦虑症有关。尽管最近的研究试图调查在许多形式的焦虑中如此有问题的冰冻反应的潜在机制，但尚未研究与焦虑相关的认知因素。这项研究旨在调查有据可查的认知脆弱性对焦虑的潜在调节作用，即即将出现的认知方式（即LCS; Riskind等，2000），该评估评估了个体倾向于例行解释歧义性威胁的程度。 （例如人身或社会威胁）以接近的方式出现偏差。我们在评估参与者对威胁效价（威胁或中立）和运动方向（接近或后退）不同的动物图像做出判断时评估了他们的反应时间（RTs）。不出所料，LCS对人身危险方法的担忧似乎缓解了冻结反应。 LCS因子高的个体通常表现出冰冻反应（RTs较低），这与动物的威胁价或运动方向无关。这些一般的冻结反应与对LCS因子偏低的人的物理危险方法形成鲜明对比。这些参与者倾向于表现出更多的选择性和功能性冻结反应，这种反应仅发生在以逼近动作威胁动物时;他们没有表现出对中性刺激或任何后退运动的刺激。对于LCS较高的参与者，RT的普遍减慢似乎无法解释这些发现。此外，关注社会威胁（例如拒绝或尴尬）的LCS因素与冻结的差异无关。在行为抑制系统和行为激活系统量表（BIS / BAS）上，冻结与行为抑制分数也没有其他关系。进一步探索与焦虑有关的认知因素，以发展对这些因素如何与焦虑相关的冰冻反应相关的更全面的了解，可能会证明是富有成效的。

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