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Wild-Type NRas and KRas Perform Distinct Functions during Transformation

机译:野生型NRas和KRas在转化过程中执行不同的功能

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The ras proto-oncogenes, of which there are four isoforms, are molecular switches that function in signal transduction pathways to control cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. How the Ras isoforms orchestrate cellular processes that affect behavior is poorly understood. Further, why cells express two or more Ras isoforms is unknown. Here, using a genetically defined system, we show that the presence of both wild-type KRas and NRas isoforms is required for transformation because they perform distinct nonoverlapping functions: wild-type NRas regulates adhesion, and KRas coordinates motility. Remarkably, we find that Ras isoforms achieve functional specificity by engaging different signaling pathways to affect the same cellular processes, thereby coordinating cellular outcome. Although we find that signaling from both isoforms intersects in actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, our results suggest that KRas signals through Akt and Cdc42 while NRas signals through Raf and RhoA. Our analyses suggest a previously unappreciated convergence of different Ras isoforms on the dynamics of the processes involved in transformation.
机译: ras 原癌基因有四种同工型,是在信号转导途径中控制细胞分化,增殖和存活的分子开关。 Ras亚型如何协调影响行为的细胞过程知之甚少。此外,为什么细胞表达两个或多个Ras亚型尚不清楚。在这里,使用基因定义的系统,我们表明野生型KRas和NRas亚型都需要进行转化,因为它们执行不同的非重叠功能:野生型NRas调节粘附力,而KRas协调运动。值得注意的是,我们发现Ras亚型通过参与不同的信号传导途径来影响相同的细胞过程,从而协调功能,从而达到功能特异性。尽管我们发现两种同工型的信号在肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架中相交,但我们的结果表明KRas通过Akt和Cdc42发出信号,而NRas通过Raf和RhoA发出信号。我们的分析表明,不同的Ras亚型在转化过程中的动力学过程中以前没有被认识到的收敛。

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