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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular and Cellular Biology >Analysis of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote: Early Evolution of the Initiator Element
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Analysis of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote: Early Evolution of the Initiator Element

机译：原始真核生物中无处不在的启动子元素分析：引发剂元素的早期进化

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Typical metazoan core promoter elements, such as TATA boxes and Inr motifs, have yet to be identified in early-evolving eukaryotes, underscoring the extensive divergence of these organisms. Towards the identification of core promoters in protists, we have studied transcription of protein-encoding genes in one of the earliest-diverging lineages of Eukaryota, that represented by the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. A highly conserved element, comprised of a motif similar to a metazoan initiator (Inr) element, surrounds the start site of transcription in all examinedT. vaginalis genes. In contrast, a metazoan-like TATA element appears to be absent in trichomonad promoters. We demonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalisprotein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter element. This trichomonad Inr is essential for transcription, responsible for accurate start site selection, and interchangeable between genes, demonstrating its role as a core promoter element. The sequence requirements of the trichomonad Inr are similar to metazoan Inrs and can be replaced by a mammalian Inr. These studies show that the Inr is a ubiquitous, core promoter element for protein-encoding genes in an early-evolving eukaryote. Functional and structural similarities between this protist Inr and the metazoan Inr strongly indicate that the Inr promoter element evolved early in eukaryotic evolution.
机译：在早期进化的真核生物中尚未发现典型的后生动物核心启动子元件，例如TATA盒和Inr基序，这突出了这些生物的广泛差异。为了鉴定原生生物的核心启动子，我们研究了真核生物最早分化的谱系之一中蛋白质编码基因的转录，该谱系以寄生原生生物阴道毛滴虫为代表。由与后生动物引发剂（Inr）元素相似的基序组成的高度保守的元素围绕着所有已检查的T中转录的起始位点。阴道基因。相反，滴虫启动子中似乎不存在后生动物样的TATA元件。我们证明了在 T中发现的保守基序。阴道蛋白编码基因是Inr启动子元件。该滴虫monr对于转录是必需的，负责准确的起始位点选择，并且在基因之间可互换，证明其作为核心启动子元件的作用。 Trichomonad Inr的序列要求与后生动物Inrs相似，可以被哺乳动物Inr取代。这些研究表明，Inr是早期进化的真核生物中蛋白质编码基因的普遍存在的核心启动子元件。该原生质体Inr和后生动物Inr之间的功能和结构相似性强烈表明，Inr启动子元件在真核生物进化中较早地进化。

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