In recent years, the research of doping heteroatoms in a carbon framework for supercapacitive electrodes has drawn tremendous attention due to the highly active electrochemical performance characteristics of the resulting materials. Here, we present a method to synthesize highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials derived from a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) material via a relatively low-temperature simultaneous activation/calcination process. PVP fine powder was mixed with sodium hydroxide as a carbon-activation agent and calcined at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. By this process, we obtained a highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon material, possessing a specific surface area of 2400 m2 g?1, which was formed with an amorphous and graphitic structure incorporating ultrathin large sheets. The resultant material displays an excellent specific capacitance (478 F g?1 at 1 A g?1) and a high retention rate of 99.6% after 10?000 cycles at 10 A g?1. The symmetric supercapacitor exhibits high energy densities of 14.2 W h kg?1 and 5.7 W h kg?1 at power densities of 720 W kg?1 and 6035 W kg?1, respectively.
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机译：近年来，由于所得材料的高活性电化学性能特征，在超级电容电极的碳骨架中掺杂杂原子的研究引起了极大的关注。在这里，我们提出了一种通过相对低温的同时活化/煅烧过程合成源自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）材料的高孔隙度氮掺杂碳纳米材料的方法。将PVP细粉与作为碳活化剂的氢氧化钠混合，并在氮气氛下于600℃的较低温度下煅烧1小时。通过该过程，我们获得了高度多孔的氮掺杂碳材料，其比表面积为2400 m 2 g ？1 ，它是由非晶态和石墨结构组成，并结合了超薄大片。所得材料显示出优异的比电容（在1 A g ？1 时为478 F g ？1 ），并且在10 A g ？1 进行10，000次循环后，保留率高达99.6％。对称超级电容器的高能量密度为14.2 W h kg ？1 和5.7 W h kg ？1 功率密度分别为720 W kg ？1 和6035 W kg ？1 。
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