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Hierarchical design of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanorods for use in high efficiency capacitive energy storage

机译:用于高效电容储能的氮掺杂多孔碳纳米棒的分层设计

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We report a novel synthesis route for creating 3D interconnected hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods (3D-IPCRs) using 1D polyaniline nanorods as a precursor and SiO2 as a porogen. The 1D carbon nanorod/SiO2 composites initially formed during carbonization further act as raw materials for a KOH activation process. After subsequent removal of the templates, as-prepared 3D-IPCRs exhibit a high specific surface area (1765 m2 g?1), a large total pore volume (1.06 cm3 g?1), an interconnected porous structure, and a moderate nitrogen doping (2.63 wt%). This interconnectivity is beneficial to improving ion diffusion properties and electrolyte wettability. The resulting carbon exhibits a much lower impedance resistance and smaller contact angle, compared with conventional mesoporous carbon, and thus has better electric double layer performance. As obtained 3D-IPCR electrodes achieve a high specific capacitance of 302 F g?1 at a current density of 0.05 A g?1 in 6 M KOH (two-electrode system), high coulombic efficiency (99.8%) and excellent cycling stability (92.8% of capacitance retention after 10?000 cycles) even with a high mass loading (11 mg cm?2) and thick electrode film (300 μm). Furthermore, the energy density of 3D-IPCRs reaches 23 W h kg?1, and the power density can be as high as 18.2 kW kg?1 when the energy density remains at 9.11 W h kg?1 in an organic electrolyte.
机译:我们报告了一种新颖的合成路线,该路线使用1D聚苯胺纳米棒作为前体和SiO 2 作为致孔剂来创建3D互连的分层多孔氮掺杂碳纳米棒(3D-IPCR)。碳化过程中最初形成的一维碳纳米棒/ SiO 2 复合材料进一步充当了KOH活化过程的原料。在随后移除模板后,制备的3D-IPCR显示出高的比表面积(1765 m 2 g ?1 ),大的总孔体积(1.06 cm 3 g ?1 ),相互连接多孔结构和适度的氮掺杂(2.63 wt%)。这种互连性有利于改善离子扩散性能和电解质润湿性。与常规的中孔碳相比,所得的碳表现出低得多的阻抗电阻和更小的接触角,因此具有更好的双电层性能。所获得的3D-IPCR电极在0.05 A g ?1 ?1 的高比电容> 在6 M KOH(双电极系统)中,即使在高质量负载(11 mg cm <时)下,高库仑效率(99.8%)和出色的循环稳定性(10 000次循环后的电容保持率为92.8%) small> ?2 )和厚的电极膜(300μm)。此外,3D-IPCR的能量密度达到23 W h kg ?1 ,功率密度可以高达18.2 kW kg kg ?当能量密度在有机电解质中保持在9.11 W h kg ?1 时为1

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