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High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer

机译：基于双向形状记忆聚合物的高性能可调谐人造肌肉

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Artificial muscles, a class of bio-inspired actuators, have been investigated for decades. Recently, a remarkable breakthrough in artificial muscles was achieved by twisting then coiling polymeric fishing lines or sewing threads. Driven by the negative coefficient of thermal expansion (NCTE), the tensile actuation strain, which was about 4% in the precursor nylon 6,6 fiber, was magnified to about 34% in the muscle. However, the muscle is limited by its higher actuation temperature (up to 160 °C). Also, some applications such as soft robots require even larger actuation strain to maintain locomotion. In this study, chemically cross-linked poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (cPEVA) two-way shape memory polymer (2W-SMP) was synthesized, characterized, and processed into precursor fibers based on a solid solution approach. Artificial muscles were manufactured through twist insertion in the precursor fibers. It was found that the 2W-SMP fibers contract upon heating and expand upon cooling, similar to polymeric fibers with NCTE, but with lower actuation temperature and higher actuation strain. The cPEVA fiber, which has about 18% contraction when the temperature is increased from 20 °C to 67 °C, exhibits an actuation strain up to 68% in the muscle. It was also found that the muscle actuation is tunable, i.e., independent of its actuation history.
机译：人造肌肉是一类受生物启发的执行器，已经研究了数十年。最近，通过扭转然后缠绕聚合物钓鱼线或缝纫线，在人造肌肉上取得了显着突破。在负热膨胀系数（NCTE）的驱动下，拉伸驱动应变（在前体尼龙6,6纤维中约为4％）在肌肉中被放大至约34％。但是，肌肉受到其较高的驱动温度（最高160°C）的限制。而且，某些应用程序（例如，软机器人）需要更大的驱动力才能保持运动。在这项研究中，化学交联的聚（乙烯- co <​​/ em>-醋酸乙烯酯）（cPEVA）双向形状记忆聚合物（2W-SMP）进行了合成，表征并加工成基于可靠的解决方案。通过扭绞插入前体纤维中来制造人造肌肉。发现2W-SMP纤维在加热时收缩并且在冷却时膨胀，类似于具有NCTE的聚合物纤维，但是具有较低的致动温度和较高的致动应变。当温度从20°C升高到67°C时，cPEVA纤维的收缩率约为18％，它在肌肉中的驱动应变高达68％。还发现，肌肉致动即是可调的，与其致动历史无关。

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