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Nickel tungstate–graphene nanocomposite for simultaneous electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions with application to complex aqueous media

机译：钨酸镍-石墨烯纳米复合材料，可同时电化学检测重金属离子并应用于复杂的水性介质

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摘要

We show for the first time that a composite of carbon and binary transition metal oxide, in the form of a reduced graphene oxide and nickel tungstate (RGO/NiWO4) nanocomposite, is an effective material for electrochemical heavy metal ions detection. The multivalent electronic states of this composite show well-defined peaks of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) during simultaneous detection, which is otherwise not observed for NiWO4 NPs and RGO sheets. Simultaneous and selective detection of heavy metal ions in drinking water as well as in complex aqueous media such as carbonated drinks, milk and fruit juices has been successfully demonstrated. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) method was adopted for detection because it partially suppresses the background current and improves signal which leads to a low limit of detection (LOD) when compared to linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). LOD for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions were found to be 4.7 × 10?10 M, 3.8 × 10?10 M, 4.4 × 10?10 M and 2.8 × 10?10 M for individual detection and 1.0 × 10?10, 1.8 × 10?10, 2.3 × 10?10 and 2.8 × 10?10 M, for simultaneous detection, respectively. The effect of deposition time and deposition potential on the sensing parameter was studied in acetate buffer (pH = 5.0). The better sensitivity with the high capacitive current along with individual and simultaneous electrochemical detection of RGO/NiWO4 nanocomposite is mainly attributed to its large surface area, good electronic conductivity, and better electron transport properties which lead to better catalytic response towards the heavy metal ions detection.
机译：我们首次展示了碳和二元过渡金属氧化物的复合物，其形式为还原的氧化石墨烯和钨酸镍（RGO / NiWO 4 ）纳米复合材料，是用于电化学重金属离子检测的有效材料。该复合物的多价电子态表现出Cd（ II ），Pb（ II ），Cu（ II ）和Hg的明确定义的峰（ II ）在同时检测期间，否则对于NiWO 4 NP和RGO薄板不会观察到。已成功地证明了饮用水中以及复杂的水介质（如碳酸饮料，牛奶和果汁）中的重金属离子的同时和选择性检测。与线性扫描伏安法（LSV）相比，采用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法（DPASV）进行检测是因为它部分抑制了背景电流并改善了信号，导致检测限低（LOD）。 Cd（ II ），Pb（ II ），Cu（ II ）和Hg（ II ）离子的LOD被发现是4.7×10 ？10 M，3.8×10 ？10 M，4.4×10 < small> ？10 M和2.8×10 ？10 M用于单独检测，以及1.0×10 ？10 ，1.8×10 ？10 ，2.3×10 ？10 和2.8×10 ？10 M，分别用于同时检测。在醋酸盐缓冲液（pH = 5.0）中研究了沉积时间和沉积电位对传感参数的影响。 RGO / NiWO 4 纳米复合材料具有高电容电流和单独且同时进行电化学检测的较好灵敏度，这主要归因于其较大的表面积，良好的电导率和更好的性能。电子传输特性，导致对重金属离子检测的更好的催化响应。

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