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Recent advancements, key challenges and solutions in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on graphene platforms

机译：基于石墨烯平台的非酶促电化学葡萄糖传感器的最新进展，关键挑战和解决方案

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The increasing demand for the development of highly sensitive, selective and precise non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors (NEGS) for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of glucose in clinical, pharmaceutical and industrial sectors has garnered attention worldwide. The electroactive materials are catalytically oxidized glucose molecules that generate signals for glucose quantification; graphene and its derivatives are highly useful as active conductive supports for high-performance NEGS. Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, the astonishing properties of graphene-based platforms have resulted in its extensive applications in NEGS. Although a number of research efforts have involved the development of NEGS with graphene and its composites, a comprehensive study of NEGS using graphene and its composites has yet to be envisioned; this has not only obscured their widespread application but has also diminished future improvements in NEGS. Hence, this review article is presented to visualize the significant requirements of NEGS catalysts, the influences of graphene in achieving the requirements of NEGS catalysts and the progress made on graphene platform-equipped NEGS, along with a detailed discussion of recent studies and the involved electrochemical mechanisms. Building on the above perspectives, the fine tuning of the sensitivities and detection limits of graphene-based platforms in the fabrication of NEGS have also been detailed. Furthermore, this article clearly outlines future directions by detailing the obstacles currently facing graphene-equipped NEGS; as such, this review article can be considered to be a useful guide in the design and development of next-generation NEGS.
机译：对临床，制药和工业领域中用于葡萄糖定量和定性分析的高灵敏度，选择性和精确性非酶电化学传感器（NEGS）的开发需求日益增长，已引起全世界的关注。电活性物质是催化氧化的葡萄糖分子，产生葡萄糖定量信号。石墨烯及其衍生物作为高性能NEGS的活性导电载体非常有用。自2004年发现石墨烯以来，基于石墨烯的平台的惊人特性使其在NEGS中得到了广泛的应用。尽管许多研究工作都涉及使用石墨烯及其复合材料开发NEGS，但尚未设想对使用石墨烯及其复合材料的NEGS进行全面研究。这不仅阻碍了它们的广泛应用，而且削弱了NEGS的未来改进。因此，本文的目的是可视化NEGS催化剂的重要要求，石墨烯对实现NEGS催化剂要求的影响以及在配备石墨烯平台的NEGS方面取得的进展，以及对近期研究和涉及的电化学的详细讨论机制。基于以上观点，在NEGS的制造过程中，对基于石墨烯的平台的灵敏度和检测限进行了微调。此外，本文通过详细介绍目前配备石墨烯的NEGS面临的障碍，清晰地概述了未来的发展方向。因此，这篇评论文章可以被认为是设计和开发下一代NEGS的有用指南。

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