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Nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production: from theoretical perspectives

机译：用于光催化制氢的纳米材料：理论观点

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To overcome the increasing demand of energy worldwide and global warming due to CO2 emissions from the use of traditional fuel sources, renewable and clean energy sources are in high demand. Solar energy is one of the important renewable energy sources since it can be converted into hydrogen fuel via water splitting. To produce highly efficient and low-cost H2 from the reduction of water and CO2, photocatalytic materials have been developed. Presently, the efficiency of H2 production using transition metal-oxide and non-metal oxide photocatalysts via water splitting is quite low. The main issues reported are low light absorption and poor charge separation. The reasons for these two issues are the large band gaps and band edge positions of the present photocatalysts used for H2 production. To produce H2 to a larger extent from the decomposition of water, the present photocatalysts have been modified by co-catalysts or dopants using different techniques, including the reduction of the band gap and adjustment of the morphology, band edge positions, crystallinity, surface structure, etc., such that these photocatalysts can absorb sufficient light in the visible-light region. This type of modified nanostructured photocatalysts (both oxide and non-oxide) can enhance the efficiency of H2 production via absorbing sufficient light in the visible-light region of the solar spectrum and improving the charge separation by suppressing charge recombination. In this regard, we reviewed both UV- and visible-light active nanostructured photocatalysts and modified photocatalysts reported in theoretical studies.
机译：为了克服由于使用传统燃料源而排放的CO 2 排放所致的全球能源需求和全球变暖，对可再生和清洁能源的需求量很大。太阳能是重要的可再生能源之一，因为它可以通过水分解 转化为氢燃料。为了通过水和CO 2 的还原生产高效低成本的H 2 ，光催化材料具有已开发。目前，使用过渡金属氧化物和非金属氧化物光催化剂通过水分解生产H 2 的效率很低。报告的主要问题是光吸收低和电荷分离差。这两个问题的原因是目前用于H 2 生产的光催化剂的大带隙和能带边缘位置。为了从水的分解中更大程度地产生H 2 ，本发明的光催化剂已通过助催化剂或掺杂剂使用不同的技术进行了改性，包括降低谱带。间隙，形态，带边缘位置，结晶度，表面结构等的调整，这些光催化剂可以吸收可见光区域的足够的光。这种类型的改性纳米结构光催化剂（氧化物和非氧化物）都可以通过吸收可见光中足够的光来提高H 2 的生产效率。太阳光谱的明亮区域，并通过抑制电荷复合来改善电荷分离。在这方面，我们回顾了理论研究中报道的紫外和可见光活性纳米结构光催化剂和改性光催化剂。

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