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Effect of oxide on surface tension of molten metal

机译：氧化物对熔融金属表面张力的影响

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Oxides as one of the commonly activating fluxes used in active tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG welding) can dramatically increase the penetration depth to 2–4 times that of conventional welding. Using the oscillation principle of inviscid fluid, a robust method is developed to measure the average surface tension of molten metal during A-TIG welding for four different oxide activating fluxes of B2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and MgO. The experimental results suggest that the oxygen released from the decomposition of oxides is the dominant factor contributing to the change of the surface tension, which can result in the change of the temperature coefficient from negative to positive and alter the Marangoni convection, leading to the increase in the penetration depth. However, oxygen of small amount or large amount has a negligible effect on the sign change of the temperature coefficient. For oxides of low melting points, the interaction between the electrons outside the arc and the neutral particles (atoms and molecules) formed from the dissolution of the oxides causes the constriction of the arc; for oxides of high melting points, the decrease of the spot area in the anode due to high resistivity of the oxides leads to the constriction of the arc.
机译：氧化物作为活性钨极惰性气体保护焊（A-TIG焊接）中常用的活性焊剂之一，可以将熔深大大增加到传统焊接的2-4倍。利用无粘性流体的振荡原理，开发了一种健壮的方法来测量B 2 的四种不同氧化物活化通量在A-TIG焊接过程中熔融金属的平均表面张力O 3 ，TiO 2 ，SiO 2 和MgO。实验结果表明，氧化物分解释放出的氧气是引起表面张力变化的主要因素，这可能导致温度系数从负向正变化，并改变了马兰戈尼对流，从而导致了对流。在穿透深度。然而，少量或大量的氧气对温度系数的符号变化的影响可忽略不计。对于低熔点的氧化物，电弧外部的电子与由氧化物的溶解形成的中性粒子（原子和分子）之间的相互作用会导致电弧收缩。对于高熔点的氧化物，由于氧化物的高电阻率而导致阳极斑点面积的减小导致电弧的收缩。

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