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Identification of the dominant hydrogeochemical processes and characterization of potential contaminants in groundwater in Qingyuan, China, by multivariate statistical analysis

机译：多元统计分析法识别清远市主要水文地球化学过程及潜在污染物特征

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In karst areas, groundwater is an important water source for drinking and irrigation purposes; however, karst aquifers are vulnerable and recovery from damage is difficult. We collected surface water (pond and river water) and groundwater (hand-pump well, dug well, and borehole water) samples in Qingyuan city, China, to determine the major chemicals in the water with the primary goals of evaluating the geochemical composition, identifying the geochemical processes governing the water chemistry, and identifying the probable sources of potential contaminants in shallow and deep groundwater in the study area. The results revealed marked differences in water chemistry between shallow and deep groundwater. The groundwater composition was largely controlled by rock–water interactions, particularly the dissolution of evaporite minerals ( e.g. , calcite, gypsum, and anhydrite), and ion exchange processes were important drivers of the chemical compositions of groundwater in the study area. Moreover, in shallow and deep groundwater, Mg ~(2+) and SO _(4) ~(2?) concentrations were increased due to the long residence time of deep groundwater, while K ~(+) and Na ~(+) concentrations were decreased due to anthropogenic input. Finally, factor analysis of the major and trace elements differentiated between anthropogenic and geogenic sources of potential contaminants in karst aquifers.
机译：在喀斯特地区，地下水是饮用和灌溉的重要水源。但是，岩溶含水层很脆弱，很难从破坏中恢复。我们收集了中国清远市的地表水（池塘和河水）和地下水（手泵井，挖井和井眼水）样本，以确定水中的主要化学物质，其主要目的是评估地球化学成分，确定控制水化学的地球化学过程，并确定研究区域浅层和深层地下水中潜在污染物的可能来源。结果表明，浅层和深层地下水之间的水化学差异显着。地下水的组成主要受岩水相互作用的控制，尤其是蒸发性矿物（例如方解石，石膏和硬石膏）的溶解，并且离子交换过程是研究区域地下水化学组成的重要驱动因素。此外，在浅层和深层地下水中，Mg〜（2+）和SO _（4）〜（2？）的浓度由于深层地下水的长停留时间而增加，而K〜（+）和Na〜（+）浓度由于人为输入而降低。最后，对岩溶含水层中潜在污染物的人为和地质成因来源之间的主要和微量元素进行因子分析。

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