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Supercapacitive performance of TiO2 boosted by a unique porous TiO2/Ti network and activated Ti3+

机译：独特的多孔TiO2 / Ti网络和活化的Ti3 +增强了TiO2的超电容性能

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TiO _(2) has been reported to have considerable capacity through appropriate surface modification. Previous studies of TiO _(2) -based supercapacitors mainly focused on anodized TiO _(2) nanotubes and TiO _(2) powder, even though the capacitance still lags behind that of carbon-base materials. In this work, a three-dimensional porous TiO _(2) /Ti (PTT) network was constructed by anodic oxidation and its capacitance was boosted by subsequent aluminum-reduction process. Activated Ti ~(3+) was proved to be being successfully introduced into the surface of pristine PTT, resulting in the prominent enhancement of supercapacitive performance. An areal capacitance of 81.75 mF cm ~(?2) was achieved from Al-reduced PTT (Al-PTT) at 500 °C in 1 M H _(2) SO _(4) electrolyte, which was among the highest value of pure TiO _(2) -based electrodes. Good electrochemical stability was also confirmed by the 3.12% loss of the highest capacity after 5000 CV cycles. More importantly, the activated Ti ~(3+) /Ti ~(4+) redox couple in modified TiO _(2) is solidly confirmed by being directly observed in CV curves. The capacitive mechanism of the redox reaction is also studied by electrochemical tests. The construction of a 3D porous network structure and efficient Ti ~(3+) introduction provide an effective method to boost the supercapacitive performance of TiO _(2) -based materials for energy storage applications.
机译：据报道，通过适当的表面改性，TiO_（2）具有相当大的容量。以前基于TiO _（2）的超级电容器的研究主要集中在阳极氧化的TiO _（2）纳米管和TiO _（2）粉末上，尽管电容仍然落后于碳基材料。在这项工作中，通过阳极氧化构造了三维多孔TiO_（2）/ Ti（PTT）网络，并通过随后的铝还原工艺提高了其电容。事实证明，已将活化的Ti〜（3+）成功地引入了原始PTT的表面，从而显着增强了超电容性能。在1 MH _（2）SO _（4）电解质中，在500°C下通过Al还原的PTT（Al-PTT）获得的面积电容为81.75 mF cm〜（？2）。 TiO_（2）基电极。 5000 CV循环后最高容量的3.12％损失也证实了良好的电化学稳定性。更重要的是，通过直接在CV曲线中观察，可以可靠地确认改性TiO _（2）中活化的Ti〜（3+）/ Ti〜（4+）氧化还原对。还通过电化学测试研究了氧化还原反应的电容机理。 3D多孔网络结构的构建和有效的Ti〜（3+）引入为提高TiO _（2）基材料在储能应用中的超电容性能提供了有效的方法。

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