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From grass to battery anode: agricultural biomass hemp-derived carbon for lithium storage

机译：从草到电池阳极：用于储存锂的农业生物质大麻衍生碳

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Biomass-derived carbon, as a low-cost material source, is an attractive choice to prepare carbon materials, thus providing an alternative to by-product and waste management. Herein, we report the preparation of carbon from hemp stem as a biomass precursor through a simple, low-cost, and environment-friendly method with using steam as the activating agent. The hemp-derived carbon with a hierarchically porous structure and a partial graphitization in amorphous domains was developed, and for the first time, it was applied as an anode material for lithium-ion battery. Natural hemp itself delivers a reversible capacity of 190 mA h g ~(?1) at a rate of 300 mA g ~(?1) after 100 cycles. Ball-milling of hemp-derived carbon is further designed to control the physical properties, and consequently, the capacity of milled hemp increases to 300 mA h g ~(?1) along with excellent rate capability of 210 mA h g ~(?1) even at 1.5 A g ~(?1) . The milled hemp with increased graphitization and well-developed meso-porosity is advantageous for lithium diffusion, thus enhancing electrochemical performance via both diffusion-controlled intercalation/deintercalation and surface-limited adsorption/desorption. This study not only demonstrates the application of hemp-derived carbon in energy storage devices, but also guides a desirable structural design for lithium storage and transport.
机译：作为低成本材料来源，生物质碳是制备碳材料的诱人选择，因此可作为副产品和废物管理的替代方法。在本文中，我们报告了通过简单，低成本和环境友好的方法，使用蒸汽作为活化剂，从大麻茎中制备碳作为生物质前体。开发了具有分层多孔结构且在非晶域中部分石墨化的大麻衍生碳，并首次将其用作锂离子电池的负极材料。天然大麻本身在100个循环后以300 mA g〜（？1）的速率提供190 mA h g〜（？1）的可逆容量。大麻碳的球磨进一步设计用于控制物理性能，因此，大麻的研磨容量增加到300 mA hg〜（？1），甚至具有出色的210 mA hg〜（？1）的倍率能力。在1.5 A g〜（？1）。具有增强的石墨化作用和发达的介孔率的磨细麻对于锂的扩散是有利的，因此可以通过扩散控制的嵌入/脱嵌和表面受限的吸附/脱附来增强电化学性能。这项研究不仅证明了大麻衍生的碳在储能装置中的应用，而且还为锂的储运提供了理想的结构设计。

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