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Feasibility of advancing the development of compact energy systems

机译：推进紧凑型能源系统发展的可行性

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It is necessary to advance the development of compact energy systems for making energy from biomass like wood or switchgrass, as an alternative to the construction of highly capital-intensive large scale biorefineries. Compact energy systems consist of four individual components: a biomass preparation unit, a biomass converter, a fuel processor, and a powered engine. The individual unit processes within each component and the possible types of compact energy systems with different biomass converter technologies like fermentation, pyrolysis, and gasification are presented. The size, weight, and energy efficiency of upgrading biomass to energy using a compact energy system with various gasification technologies has been estimated. A compact energy system with a hydrogen fuel cell as a powered-engine component, processing 10 kg of dry biomass per day, generates a net energy (kW h) of ?7.5, ?30, 18.7, 13.1, and 11.7 with the super-critical, microwave assisted, catalytic, steam, and conventional gasification technologies as biomass converter technologies, respectively. The low yields of super-critical gasification and low efficacy of converting electric energy to heat via electromagnetic waves with microwave assisted gasification result in negative net energy with the respective compact energy system. Finally, the challenges and opportunities with the development of low weight, small size, and highly energy efficient compact energy systems built around gasification are discussed.
机译：作为建设高资本密集型大型生物精炼厂的替代方案，有必要推进紧凑型能源系统的开发，以利用木材或柳枝biomass等生物质来生产能源。紧凑型能源系统由四个独立的组件组成：生物质制备单元，生物质转化器，燃料处理器和动力发动机。介绍了每个组件中的单个单元过程以及具有不同生物质转化器技术（例如发酵，热解和气化）的紧凑型能源系统的可能类型。使用紧凑的能源系统和各种气化技术将生物质转化为能源的规模，重量和能效已得到估算。以氢燃料电池为动力的紧凑型能源系统，每天处理10千克干生物质，产生的净能量（kWh）为7.5、30、18.7、13.1和11.7。关键技术，微波辅助技术，催化技术，蒸汽技术和常规气化技术分别作为生物质转化技术。超临界气化的低产率和微波辅助气化通过电磁波将电能转化为热的效率低，导致各自紧凑的能量系统产生负的净能量。最后，讨论了围绕气化技术发展的轻量化，小尺寸和高能效紧凑能源系统的挑战和机遇。

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