A case of an infectious granulomatous disease, in which the clinical picture resembled that of a retroperitoneal tumor, is presented. The etiologic agent is shown to be an hitherto undescribed organism, Nocardia intracellularis, n.sp. The clinical similarity of this rare disease to xanthogranulomata and neoplasms is emphasized. The diagnosis rests primarily upon histopathologic studies of the lesions, especially with reference to intra cellular organisms. The condition may be suspected if atypical acid fast organisms are found in the stools of patients with clinically similar pictures.
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