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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >CALORIC AND PROTEIN INTAKES OF CHILDREN BETWEEN 1 AND 18 YEARS OF AGE
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CALORIC AND PROTEIN INTAKES OF CHILDREN BETWEEN 1 AND 18 YEARS OF AGE

机译:1至18岁儿童的钙和蛋白质摄入

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The cross-sectional distributions of the data on total caloric and protein intakes for the 64 girls and 61 boys in the Maturity Series from 1 to 18 years are presented in Figure 1 and Table I, and the findings are discussed. Wide variation with age and sex are evident.The accompanying graphs present the types and amounts of difference and similarity found in individual curves within a given pattern in contrast to those in other patterns. For example, caloric intakes of boys in the "consistently high," "consistently medium" and "consistently low" groups generally conform to the cross-sectional norm for the boys in the Maturity Series with regard to rate of change in intake from year to year. However, very wide differences are shown among these groups in overall level of intake. See, for example, Boys 270 (HHH), 253 (MMM) and 196 (LLL).The boys in the other pattern groups, in contrast, change their levels of caloric intake appreciably from one age interval to another in relation to the norm. There are marked inter-pattern differences in direction of change, for example, see Case 140 (MLL) in the "early drop" group in contrast to Case 32 (LHH) in the "early rise" group. There are also marked inter-pattern differences in the timing of these changes, for example, see Case 30 (MHH) in the "early rise" group and Case 283 (MMH) in the "late rise" group.The "late drop" group, see Case 220 (MML), can be similarly compared to the "early drop" group for difference in timing of change and to the "late rise" group for difference in direction of change.[See Fig. 3. in Source Pdf]These graphs call attention to the fact that two distinct patterns of intake, not identified among the boys, are encountered among the girls, i.e., intake patterns manifesting a "consistent rise" and patterns manifesting a "consistent drop" in intake in relation to the norm. Because so few cases fell within these patterns, they are presented together. Girls 10 and 118 show a low caloric intake in the early age interval in relation to the Maturity Series distribution, but change their levels to rank medium in the middle, and high in the last, age interval. The intakes of Cases 239 and 240 are opposite in direction of change.The "early rise and late drop" and "early drop and late rise" categories serve to illustrate further inter-pattern differences as well as similarities. Cases 163 (LHL) and 180 (MLM) typify the differences between these two pattern groups.It is also interesting to note that cases falling in different pattern categories may still show certain similarities. For example, compare Case 201 (HHM) in the "late drop" group with Case 206 (MHL) in the "early rise and late drop" group.[See Fig. 4. in Source Pdf]In addition to comparisons between patterns, the Figures also permit clear recognition of differences and similarities among individuals classified in the same pattern group. In the "consistently low" group for protein intake, for example, Boys 178 and 140 although lowest and next to lowest, respectively, in overall protein intake and "consistently low" in intake in relation to the Maturity Series distribution, differed at various ages in the rate at which their intakes increased, with the result that Boy 140 had slightly but consistently higher intakes up to age 10, while Boy 178 had the higher intake after age 12. Case 111 in the same pattern group shows a slightly higher overall protein intake, but similarly to Cases 178 and 140, proceeds with varying changes in rate from a low intake in the early years to a maximum between 17 and 18 years. Boys 59 and 31, on the other hand, showing a relatively accelerated rate to a maximum at 14 years, followed by a definite drop in intake, demonstrate a different type of variation in protein intake curves within the range of variability permissible for this pattern.Another type of intra-pattern difference is illustrated by Cases 182 (MMH) and 188 (MMH). They are both in the "late rise" category, both show considerable rise in intake, but this change is achieved abruptly by Case 182 and gradually by Case 188.[See Fig. 5. in Source Pdf]The variety and shadings of individual differences and the gradual transition from one pattern to another should be noted. In the "consistently medium" category the protein pattern of Girl 157 conforms closely to the curve of the cross-sectional averages for the girls in the Maturity Series. The curve of Case 163, on the other hand, shows a relatively rapid increase to an early maximum followed by a comparatively rapid decrease in intake. Case 136 (MMM) in the "consistently medium" group shows a gradual drop in rank during the 17-year period. A comparison of this case with Case 18 (MML) in the "late drop" group points to the fact that the change fr
机译:图1和表I列出了1至18岁成熟度系列中64位女孩和61位男孩的总热量和蛋白质摄入量的数据的横截面分布,并对结果进行了讨论。明显的是随着年龄和性别的不同,所附的图表显示了给定模式中各个曲线与其他模式中的差异和相似性的类型和数量。例如,“从高到低”,“从中到低”和“从低到低”组的男孩的卡路里摄入量通常就成熟度系列中的男孩横截面标准而言,从年份到年份的变化率符合年。但是,这些组之间的总体摄入水平差异很大。参见例如270(HHH),253(MMM)和196(LLL)的男孩。相比之下,其他模式组的男孩的卡路里摄入量则相对于正常水平从一个年龄段显着改变为另一个年龄段。 。模式变化方向上存在明显的模式间差异,例如,与“早期上升”组中的情况32(LHH)相比,参见“早期下降”组中的情况140(MLL)。在这些更改的时间上,模式间也存在明显差异,例如,参见“早期上升”组中的情况30(MHH)和“晚期上升”组中的情况283(MMH)。可以将案例220(MML)中的组与更改时间的差异与“早期下降”组以及更改方向的差异与“延迟上升”组进行类似的比较。[参见Source Pdf中的图3。 ]这些图提醒注意以下事实:在女孩中遇到两种不同的摄入模式,在男孩中没有发现,即与“摄入量”呈“持续上升”的摄入模式相比,与“摄入量”呈“持续下降”的模式规范。由于属于这种模式的案例很少,因此将它们一起呈现。与成熟度序列分布相比,女孩10和118在早期年龄段的卡路里摄入量较低,但将其水平更改为在中等年龄段中处于中等水平,而在最后一个年龄段处于较高水平。案例239和240的变化方向相反。“早期上升和下降”和“早期下降和上升”类别用于说明进一步的模式间差异和相似性。案例163(LHL)和180(MLM)代表了这两种模式组之间的差异。有趣的是,属于不同模式类别的案例可能仍显示出某些相似之处。例如,将“延迟下降”组中的案例201(HHM)与“早期上升和延迟下降”组中的Case 206(MHL)进行比较。[请参见源Pdf中的图4.]除了模式之间的比较之外,这些图还允许清楚地识别出归入同一模式组的个体之间的差异和相似性。例如,在蛋白质摄入量的“始终较低”组中,男孩178和140尽管总蛋白质摄入量分别最低和接近最低,但相对于成熟度系列分布,摄入量“始终较低”在不同年龄段有所不同他们的摄入量增加的速率,结果是男孩140到10岁时的摄入量略有增加,但始终如一,而男孩178在12岁以后的摄入量更高。相同模式组的病例111的总蛋白质含量略高摄入量与病例178和140相似,其变化率从早期的低摄入量到17至18年的最大摄入量变化不等。另一方面,男孩59和31在14岁时表现出相对加快的速度,达到最大值,然后摄入量明显下降,这表明蛋白质摄入曲线的变化类型在该模式允许的变化范围内。案例182(MMH)和案例188(MMH)说明了另一种模式内差异。它们都属于“晚期上升”类别,两者均显示摄入量显着上升,但是这种变化是由案例182突然实现的,并由案例188逐渐实现的。[请参见图5。在源Pdf中]个体差异的多样性和阴影并应注意从一种模式向另一种模式的逐步过渡。在“一致中等”类别中,Girl 157的蛋白质模式与成熟度系列中girl的横截面平均值曲线非常吻合。另一方面,情况163的曲线显示相对较快的增加,达到了早期的最大值,然后摄入量相对较快的减少。 “一致中”组中的案例136(MMM)在17年期间显示等级逐渐下降。将此案例与“后期下降”组中的案例18(MML)进行的比较指出,事实

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