Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a disease of breast-feeding newborns. There is little information on longitudinal breast milk concentrations of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) or the effects of maternal phylloquinone supplements on breast milk. In study part 1, 11 lactating mothers, who received 20 mg of phylloquinone orally, had rises in plasma (1 to 64.2 ± 31.5 ng/mL by 6 hours) and breast milk concentrations (from 1.11 ± 0.82 to 130 ± 188 ng/mL by 12 hours). In part 2, 23 lactating mothers and their infants were observed longitudinally along with a formula-fed control group of infants (n = 11). Mean breast milk concentrations of phylloquinone at 1, 6, 12, and 26 weeks were 0.64 ± 0.43, 0.86 ± 0.52, 1.14 ± 0.72, and 0.87 ± 0.50 ng/mL, respectively, in the infants fed human milk. Maternal phylloquinone intakes (72-hour dietary recalls) exceeded the recommended daily allowance of 1 μg/kg per day. Infant phylloquinone intakes did not achieve the recommended daily allowance of 1 μg/kg per day in any infant. Plasma phylloquinone concentrations in the infants fed human milk remained extremely low (mean 0.25 ng/mL) throughout the first 6 months of life compared with the formula-fed infants (4.39 to 5.99 ng/mL). In this small sample, no infant demonstrated overt vitamin K deficiency. Despite very low plasma phylloquinone concentrations, vitamin K supplements (other than in the immediate newborn period) cannot be recommended for exclusively breast-fed infants based on these data.
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机译：新生儿的出血性疾病是母乳喂养的新生儿的疾病。关于纵向母乳中叶绿体醌（维生素K1）的浓度或母体叶绿体醌补充剂对母乳影响的信息很少。在研究的第1部分中，有11名哺乳期母亲口服了20 mg的叶绿醌，血浆（在1小时内<1至64.2±31.5 ng / mL）和母乳浓度（从1.11±0.82至130±188 ng / mL）升高。毫升至12小时）。在第2部分中，从纵向观察了23名哺乳期的母亲及其婴儿以及配方奶喂养的婴儿对照组（n = 11）。在喂了母乳的婴儿中，第1、6、12和26周时母乳中叶绿醌的平均浓度分别为0.64±0.43、0.86±0.52、1.14±0.72和0.87±0.50 ng / mL。孕妇叶绿醌的摄入量（72小时的饮食召回）超过了建议的每日允许摄入量，每天1μg/ kg。在任何婴儿中，婴儿的叶绿醌摄入量均未达到建议的每日允许摄入量每日1μg/ kg。与用配方奶喂养的婴儿（4.39至5.99 ng / mL）相比，在喂食母乳的婴儿中，其血浆中的叶醌浓度极低（平均<0.25 ng / mL）。在这个小样本中，没有婴儿表现出明显的维生素K缺乏症。尽管血浆叶醌的浓度非常低，但根据这些数据，不建议将维生素K补充剂（刚出生时除外）推荐用于纯母乳喂养的婴儿。
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