A comparison has been made of the influence of feeding own mother's milk and formula on the oxidation and accretion of energy and macronutrients in the growing preterm infant of very low birth weight (1,300 g) by using the combined techniques of nutrient balance and computerized indirect calorimetry. There were 22 studies in formula-fed infants and 15 studies in premature infants fed own mother's milk. Despite their lower metabolizable energy intake, the infants fed own mother's milk grew in weight, length, and head circumference at a rate approximating those of the formula-fed group. The metabolic rate was significantly lower in the infants fed own mother's milk (56.0 ± 0.9 v 62.6 ± 0.8 kcal/kg/d; P .001). The protein intake, oxidation, and accretion were similar in the two groups. The infants fed own mother's milk had a significantly lower fat intake ( P .001), higher fat oxidation ( P .025) and consequently lower fat accretion ( P .001) than the formula-fed infants. The proportional fat content of the daily weight gain was lower in the infants fed own mother's milk (16% v 33%; P .001) but protein content was similar (13% v 12%). The accretion of energy, fat, and protein correlated with the respective metabolizable intakes in both groups ( r = .81 to .98; P .001), suggesting that accretion rates and hence composition of weight gain are dependent on levels of energy and macronutrient intake.
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机译：通过使用营养平衡和计算机间接组合技术，比较了喂养自己母乳和配方奶对成长中的极低出生体重（<1300 g）早产婴儿的能量和大量营养物质的氧化和积累的影响。量热法。在配方奶粉喂养的婴儿中进行了22项研究，在用母乳喂养的早产婴儿中进行了15项研究。尽管摄入的代谢能较低，但以母乳喂养的婴儿的体重，身长和头围却以配方奶喂养组的速度增长。用母乳喂养的婴儿的代谢率明显较低（56.0±0.9 v 62.6±0.8 kcal / kg / d; P <.001）。两组的蛋白质摄入，氧化和增生相似。用配方奶喂养的婴儿与用配方奶喂养的婴儿相比，脂肪摄入量显着降低（P <.001），脂肪氧化（P <.025）和脂肪吸收（P <.001）更低。在母乳喂养的婴儿中，每日体重增加的比例脂肪含量较低（16％v 33％; P <.001），但蛋白质含量相似（13％v 12％）。两组中能量，脂肪和蛋白质的积聚与各自的代谢摄入量相关（r = 0.81至.98; P <.001），这表明积聚率以及体重增加的组成取决于能量水平和大量营养摄入。
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