Longitudinal studies of the nutritional status of 60 lactating Bangladeshi mothers from an underprivileged, periurban community and of the quantity and composition of their milk were completed to determine the relationships between maternal nutritional status and lactational capacity. Daily milk production was estimated by 24-hour test-weighing; the nitrogen, fat, lactose, and total energy concentrations of extracted milk samples were analyzed at various stages of lactation to estimate total milk nutrient production. Although the mothers were poorly nourished compared with international reference populations, their lactational capacity was not severely impaired. Average milk production peaked at 750 g/d when the infants were between 5 and 7 months of age. Nitrogen and fat concentrations declined with (log) infant age; lactose concentration increased with (log) infant age ( P .001). Average concentrations of milk nutrients when the infants were 3 months of age were: nitrogen, 0.161 g/dL; fat, 2.804 g/dL; lactose, 7.92 g/dL; energy, 61.0 kcal/dL. Fat and energy concentrations were significantly greater, and fat and energy amounts tended to be greater, for mothers with larger triceps skinfold thickness or arm circumference. Changes in nutritional status within individual women were also significantly related to the amount and composition of their milk: within-woman increases in triceps skinfold thickness were associated with increases in fat and energy concentrations ( P .01) and within-woman increases in body weight were associated with increases in the amounts of milk and all major nutrients ( P .01). Milk production declined significantly during certain months of the year, just before the major harvest period. The findings suggest that, despite their remarkably good lactational capacity, the mothers' milk production was limited to some extent by their nutritional status and may, therefore, be further increased with nutritional improvment.
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机译：已经完成了对来自贫困，郊区郊区社区的60名哺乳的孟加拉国母亲的营养状况以及其牛奶的数量和成分的纵向研究，以确定母亲的营养状况与泌乳能力之间的关系。每天的牛奶产量是通过24小时的测试称重来估算的;在哺乳的各个阶段对提取的牛奶样品中的氮，脂肪，乳糖和总能量浓度进行了分析，以估算总的牛奶营养素产量。尽管与国际参考人群相比，母亲的营养不良，但其哺乳能力并未受到严重损害。当婴儿在5至7个月大时，平均产奶量达到750克/天。氮和脂肪浓度随（对数）婴儿年龄而下降;乳糖浓度随（对数）婴儿年龄而增加（P <.001）。婴儿三个月大时的牛奶营养素平均浓度为：氮0.161 g / dL;脂肪2.804 g / dL;乳糖7.92 g / dL;能量为61.0 kcal / dL。对于肱三头肌皮褶厚度或臂围较大的母亲，脂肪和能量的浓度明显更高，脂肪和能量的数量往往更高。个别女性的营养状况变化也与她们的牛奶量和成分显着相关：女性内部肱三头肌的皮褶厚度增加与脂肪和能量浓度的增加相关（P <.01），女性内部身体的增加体重与牛奶和所有主要营养素含量的增加有关（P <.01）。在主要收获期之前的一年中，牛奶产量在一年中的某些月份显着下降。研究结果表明，尽管母乳的泌乳能力非常好，但其母乳的产量在一定程度上受到其营养状况的限制，因此，随着营养的改善，母乳的产量可能会进一步增加。
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