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Jet Formation in Initially Spherical, Supermagnetosonic Magnetohydrodynamic Winds

机译:最初是球形的超磁声磁流体动力风的射流形成

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It is widely believed that outflows (or winds) from many astrophysical systems, ranging from young stellar objects to active galactic nuclei, are driven magneto-centrifugally from rapidly rotating central objects. A natural consequence of rotation and flux-freezing in such winds is that the magnetic field becomes predominantly toroidal once the flow speed exceeds the fast magnetosonic speed. We demonstrate that, because of this predominantly toroidal field, narrow jetlike density features can form spontaneously around the rotation axis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) winds even when their densities are initially distributed spherically. We limit our demonstration to the supermagnetosonic region where self-consistent solutions can be found by the well-known "method of characteristics". It is shown that, for nonrelativistic and modestly relativistic winds, the initially spherical isodensity contours become more and more elongated along the rotation axis, and thus more and more jetlike, on increasingly larger scales. This elongation is associated with collimation of wind streamlines by toroidal magnetic fields, although isodensity contours appear more jetlike than streamlines in general, as first noted by Shu et al. in 1995. Our concrete numerical examples support their asymptotic results that well-collimated "jets" are always surrounded by wide-angle winds and that isodensity contours could become more or less parallel to the rotation axis at large distances. We also show that formation of jetlike density features is more difficult in the supermagnetosonic region of highly relativistic MHD winds.
机译:人们普遍认为,从天体的年轻恒星到活跃的银河核的许多天体物理系统的流出(或风)都是由快速旋转的中心物体以磁离心方式驱动的。在这种风中旋转和磁通冻结的自然结果是,一旦流速超过快速磁声速,磁场就会变成主要为环形。我们证明,由于这种主要的环形场,即使磁密度最初呈球形分布,也可以围绕磁流体动力学(MHD)风的旋转轴自发形成狭窄的喷射状密度特征。我们将演示限制在超电磁波区域,在该区域可以通过众所周知的“特征方法”找到自洽的解。结果表明,对于非相对论和中度相对论的风,最初的球形等密度线沿旋转轴越来越拉长,因此在越来越大的尺度上越来越呈射流状。这种伸长与环形磁场对风流线的准直有关,尽管等密度线通常比流线看起来更像喷气流,如Shu等首先指出的。在1995年,我们的具体数值示例支持了它们的渐近结果:准直的“射流”始终被广角风包围,并且等距轮廓在大距离处或多或少会变得平行于旋转轴。我们还表明,在高度相对论的MHD风的超磁速声区中,喷射状密度特征的形成更加困难。

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