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Dynamical Cusp Regeneration

机译:动态尖头再生

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After being destroyed by a binary supermassive black hole, a stellar density cusp can regrow at the center of a galaxy via energy exchange between stars moving in the gravitational field of the single, coalesced hole. We illustrate this process via high-accuracy N-body simulations. Regeneration requires roughly one relaxation time, and the new cusp extends to a distance of roughly one-fifth the black hole's influence radius, with density ρ ~ r-7/4; the mass in the cusp is of the order of 10% of the mass of the black hole. The growth of the cusp is preceded by a stage in which the stellar velocity dispersion evolves toward isotropy and away from the tangentially anisotropic state induced by the binary. We show that density profiles similar to those observed at the center of the Milky Way and M32 can regenerate themselves in several Gyr following the infall of a second black hole; the presence of density cusps at the centers of these galaxies can therefore not be used to infer that no merger has occurred. We argue that ρ ~ r-7/4 density cusps are ubiquitous in stellar spheroids fainter than MV ≈ -18.5 that contain supermassive black holes, but the cusps have not been detected outside of the Local Group, since their angular sizes are less than ~01. We show that the presence of a cusp implies a lower limit of ~10-4 yr-1 on the rate of stellar tidal disruptions and discuss the consequences of the cusps for gravitational lensing and the distribution of dark matter on subparsec scales.
机译:在被双质量超大质量黑洞破坏后,恒星密度尖点可以通过在单个合并孔的引力场中移动的恒星之间的能量交换,在银河系的中心重生。我们通过高精度的N体仿真来说明此过程。再生大约需要一个松弛时间,新的尖点延伸到黑洞影响半径的大约五分之一,密度为ρ〜r-7 / 4。尖端的质量约为黑洞质量的10%。尖头的生长之前是一个阶段,在该阶段中,恒星速度色散向各向同性演化,并远离由二元引起的切向各向异性状态。我们发现,在第二个黑洞进入之后,类似于在银河系和M32中心观测到的密度分布图可以在几个Gyr中再生。因此,这些星系中心的密度尖端的存在不能用来推断没有合并发生。我们认为ρ〜r-7 / 4密度尖端在比MV≈-18.5的微球状球体中普遍存在,其中包含超大质量的黑洞,但由于其角度大小小于〜,因此在局部群之外尚未检测到尖端01。我们表明,尖点的存在意味着恒星潮汐破坏的速率的下限为〜10-4 yr-1,并讨论了尖点对引力透镜作用的影响以及暗区尺度下暗物质的分布。

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