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Attenuation of Millimeter Emission from Circumstellar Disks Induced by the Rapid Dust Accretion

机译:快速积尘引起的星际盘毫米辐射的衰减

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From millimeter observations of classical T Tauri stars, it is suggested that dust grains in circumstellar disks have grown to millimeter sizes or larger. However, gas drag on such large grains induces rapid accretion of the dust. We examine the evolution of dust disks composed of millimeter-sized grains and show that rapid accretion of the dust disk causes attenuation of millimeter continuum emission. If a dust disk is composed mainly of grains of 1 cm to 1 m, its millimeter emission goes off within 106 yr. Hence, grains in this size range cannot be the main population of the dust. Considering our results together with grain growth suggested by the millimeter continuum observations, we expect that the millimeter continuum emission of disks comes mainly from grains in a narrow size range of 1 mm to 1 cm. This suggests either that growth of millimeter-sized grains to centimeter size takes more than 106 yr or that millimeter-sized grains are continuously replenished. In the former case, planet formation is probably difficult, especially in the outer disks. In the latter case, reservoirs of millimeter grains are possibly large (10 m) bodies, which can reside in the disk more than 106 yr. Constraints on the grain growth timescale are discussed for the above two cases.
机译:从经典的T Tauri恒星的毫米波观测中可以看出,星际盘中的尘埃颗粒已增长到毫米或更大。但是,气体在这种大颗粒上的阻力会引起灰尘的快速积聚。我们检查了由毫米大小的颗粒组成的尘埃盘的演变,并表明尘埃盘的快速积聚会导致毫米波连续体发射的衰减。如果灰尘盘主要由1 cm至1 m的颗粒组成,则其毫米波辐射在106 yr内下降。因此,此尺寸范围内的谷物不能成为灰尘的主要来源。考虑到我们的结果以及毫米波连续体观测所表明的晶粒长大,我们预计圆盘的毫米波连续体发射主要来自1mm至1cm窄尺寸范围内的晶粒。这表明,毫米大小的谷物生长到厘米大小需要超过106年的时间,或者毫米大小的谷物会不断补充。在前一种情况下,行星形成可能很困难,尤其是在外盘中。在后一种情况下,毫米颗粒的储层可能是大的(10 m)物体,可以在盘中驻留超过106年。针对上述两种情况,讨论了对晶粒长大时间尺度的约束。

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