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ANCIENT PLANETARY SYSTEMS ARE ORBITING A LARGE FRACTION OF WHITE DWARF STARS

机译:古代行星系统正在绕行白色矮星

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Infrared studies have revealed debris likely related to planet formation in orbit around ~30% of youthful, intermediate mass, main-sequence stars. We present evidence, based on atmospheric pollution by various elements heavier than helium, that a comparable fraction of the white dwarf descendants of such main-sequence stars are orbited by planetary systems. These systems have survived, at least in part, through all stages of stellar evolution that precede the white dwarf. During the time interval (~200 million years) that a typical polluted white dwarf in our sample has been cooling it has accreted from its planetary system the mass of one of the largest asteroids in our solar system (e.g., Vesta or Ceres). Usually, this accreted mass will be only a fraction of the total mass of rocky material that orbits these white dwarfs; for plausible planetary system configurations we estimate that this total mass is likely to be at least equal to that of the Sun's asteroid belt, and perhaps much larger. We report abundances of a suite of eight elements detected in the little studied star G241-6 that we find to be among the most heavily polluted of all moderately bright white dwarfs.
机译:红外研究发现,碎片可能与约30%的年轻,中等质量,主要序列恒星中的行星形成有关。基于大气元素受到的重于氦的影响,我们提出了证据,证明此类主要序列恒星的白矮星后裔中相当一部分是由行星系统绕轨道运行的。这些系统至少在白矮星之前的恒星演化的所有阶段中幸存下来。在我们样本中一个典型的受污染的白矮星一直在冷却的时间间隔(约2亿年)中,它已从其行星系统中积聚了太阳系中最大的小行星之一(例如Vesta或Ceres)的质量。通常,这个增加的质量只是绕这些白矮星运转的岩石物质总质量的一小部分;对于合理的行星系统配置,我们估计该总质量可能至少等于太阳小行星带的质量,甚至可能更大。我们报告了在很少研究的恒星G241-6中检测到的一系列八种元素的丰度,我们发现它们是所有中等亮度白矮星中污染最严重的一种。

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