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Properties of Relativistic Jets in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

机译:相对论射流在伽玛射线爆发余辉中的性质

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We extend our calculation of physical parameters of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets by modeling the broadband emission of the afterglows 970508, 980519, 991208, 000926, 000418, and 010222. Together with 990123, 990510, 991216, and 000301c, there are 10 well-observed afterglows for which the initial opening angle of the GRB jet can be constrained. The jet energies (after the GRB phase) obtained for this set of afterglows are within one decade around 5 × 1050 ergs. With the exception of 000418, which requires a jet wider than rad, the jet initial half-angle in the other cases ranges from 2° to 20°. We find that in half of the cases, a homogeneous ambient medium accommodates the afterglow emission better than the windlike r-2 profile medium expected around massive stars. The two types of media give fits of comparable quality in four cases, with a wind medium providing a better description only for 970508. The circumburst densities we obtain are in the 0.1-100 cm-3 range, with the exception of 990123, for which it is below 10-2 cm-3. If in all 10 cases the observed GRB durations are a good measure of the ejecta deceleration timescale, then the parameters obtained here lead to jet Lorentz factors at the deceleration radius between 70 and 300, anticorrelated with the jet initial aperture, and jet masses around 10-6 M☉ . Our results on the jet energy, opening Lorentz factor, and evacuation of material until breakout provide constraints on theoretical models of GRB jets.
机译:我们通过对余辉的宽带发射970508、980519、991208、000926、000418和010222进行宽带建模,扩展了对伽马射线暴(GRB)喷气机物理参数的计算。连同990123、990510、991216和000301c,观察到10个余辉,可以限制GRB射流的初始张角。对于这组余辉,获得的射流能量(在GRB阶段之后)大约在5×1050 ergs的十倍之内。除了000418,它需要比rad更宽的射流,在其他情况下,射流的初始半角范围为2°至20°。我们发现,在一半的情况下,均匀的环境介质比在大质量恒星周围预期的风状r-2剖面介质更能适应余辉发射。两种类型的介质在四种情况下的质量可比,风介质仅对970508提供更好的描述。我们获得的周向密度在0.1-100 cm-3范围内,但990123除外。它低于10-2 cm-3。如果在所有10种情况下观察到的GRB持续时间都可以很好地衡量喷射的减速时间尺度,则此处获得的参数将导致减速半径在70到300之间的喷射洛伦兹因子,与喷射初始孔径反相关,并且喷射质量约为10 -6M☉。我们在射流能量,开放的洛伦兹因子和材料撤离直至破裂之前的结果为GRB射流的理论模型提供了限制。

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